云南大理西湖流域工业革命以来的植被、气候与火灾  

VEGETATION,CLIMATE AND FIRE IN THE WEST LAKE BASIN OF DALI,YUNNAN,CHINA SINCE THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

作　　者：廖露莹 孙启发 于苗苗 蒙红卫 王敏[1] 陈光杰[1] 沈才明[1] LIAO Luying;SUN Qifa;YU Miaomiao;MENG Hongwei;WANG Min;CHEN Guangjie;SHEN Caiming(Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Processes and Environmental Changes,Faculty of Geography,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,Yunnan;Ganzhou Meteorological Observatory,Jiangxi Province,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi;School of Resources,Environment&Chemistry,Chuxiong Normal University,Chuxiong 675000,Yunnan)

机构地区：[1]云南省高原地理过程与环境变化重点实验室,云南师范大学地理学部,云南昆明650500 [2]江西省赣州市气象台,江西赣州341000 [3]楚雄师范学院资源环境与化学学院,云南楚雄675000

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2024年第1期174-190,共17页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:42167065、41601201、42177437和41372191);云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才项目(批准号:XDYC-QNRC-2022-0029);云南省基础研究专项-重点项目(批准号:202101AS0770006);云南省高端科技人才引进项目(批准号:2013HA024)共同资助。

摘　　要：本研究以云南大理西湖46 cm长的湖泊沉积物岩芯为研究对象,基于^(210)Pb-^(137)Cs测年和模式定年法建立了岩芯的年代框架,以0.5~1.0 cm间隔获取了51个样品进行孢粉、炭屑分析,重建了大理西湖流域工业革命以来(1878~2013年)的植被演替、气候变化及火灾史,探讨了火灾发生的驱动因素。结果表明,工业革命以来研究区的植被演替、气候变化及火灾史可以分为6个阶段:1)1878~1897年,流域植被以禾本科为主的草本类型占优,周边林地海拔由低到高主要分布云南松林、常绿阔叶林,气候凉湿,火灾发生频率较高;2)1897~1932年,云南松林退缩,气候冷湿,火灾发生频率偏低;3)1932~1948年,云南松林与常绿阔叶林向低海拔地区退缩,气候冷干,火灾发生频率稍高;4)1948~1958年,云南松林面积扩张,常绿阔叶林下降,湿地面积增加,气候温湿,火灾发生频率高,人类活动显著加剧;5)1958~1995年,云南松林与旱冬瓜林扩张,常绿阔叶林进一步退缩,气候暖湿,火灾发生频率低;6)1995~2013年,云南松林与旱冬瓜林继续扩张,气候暖干,火灾发生频率低。大理西湖的火灾在20世纪50年代之前是由自然因素(气候)控制,可燃物的多少是控制火灾发生频率的关键因素;之后人类活动成为主控因子,人类对植被的破坏和用火是触发火灾的主要原因。The pollen/macroscopic charcoal(> 100 μm)analyses of 51 samples obtained at intervals of 0.5~1.0 cm from a 46-cm core( 26° 00′ 54″ N,100° 01′ 54″ E) taken from West Lake in Dali( 26°00′17″ ~ 26°01′26″N,100°01′48″~ 100°03′27″E),Yunnan,were conducted to reconstruct the historical records of vegetation,climate and fires since the Industrial Revolution(1878~2013 A.D.)in the catchment of West Lake in Dali,and the driving factors of fire occurrence were discussed.The age-depth model for this core was established using210Pb-137Cs dating and model dating method.A total of 27150 pollen grains of woody,herbaceous and aquatic plants,ferns and algae spores were identified from 51 samples,belonging to 95 families and genus( types).7760 macroscopic charcoals were identified.Our results reveal six stages of vegetation,climate change and the fires since the Industrial Revolution in the West Lake basin:(1) 1878 ~ 1897 A.D.saw vegetation dominated by grasslands consisting of Poaceae,the occurrence ofPinus yunnanensisforests and evergreen broadleaved forests from low to high elevation,cool and wet climatic conditions,and frequent fires.(2)1897~1932 A.D.witnessed the shrink of forests dominated byPinus yunnanensisandAlnus nepalenisis,cold and wet climatic conditions,and low risk of fires.(3)1932~1948A.D.saw a drop of lake water level,the movement of pine forests and evergreen broadleaved forests from high to low elevations,cold and dry climatic conditions,and high frequent fires.(4)1948~1958 A.D.witnessed the rise of lake water level and thus the expansion of wetlands,the shrink of broadleaf forests,warm and wet climatic conditions,the highest frequency of fires,and intensified human activities intensified.(5)1958~1995 A.D.saw the expansions ofPinus yunnanensisandAlnus nepalenisisforests,continued shrink of broadleaved forests,warm and wet climatic conditions,and low frequent fires.( 6) 1995 ~ 2013 A.D.witnessed further expansions ofPinus yunnanensisandAlnus nepalenisisforests,a drop of lake water leve

关 键 词：大理西湖 花粉 炭屑 植被 气候 火灾 

分 类 号：P941[天文地球—自然地理学] P532