建制化科研:概念提出与发展逻辑  

Institutionalized science research:The concept and its development logic

作　　者：赵兰香 姚大志[3] 宋卿清 ZHAO Lan-xiang;YAO Da-zhi;SONG Qing-qing(School of Public Policy and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院,北京100049 [2]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190 [3]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《科学学研究》2024年第1期108-117,共10页Studies in Science of Science

基　　金：中国科学院战略研究与决策支持系统建设专项项目(GHJ-ZLZX-2022-03);国家社会科学基金重大项目(23ZDA060)。

摘　　要：现代科学已成为组织化的科学,建制化科研成为科研活动最重要的组成形态。从多角度探讨了“建制化科研”概念提出的必要性,并从历史逻辑、理论逻辑、经验逻辑三个维度探讨建制化科研发展特征。研究发现:科学发展史既是科学知识生产史也是科学建制演进史,科研效率提升是科学建制演化的内在动力。知识生产模式Ⅱ的客观存在并不代表模式Ⅱ优于模式Ⅰ,不能简单地作为科研组织变革的依据。知识创新在学科高度分化与高度整合的双向互动中向前推进,是建制化科研深化的表现。知识体系塑造与之相适应的科研组织方式。知识体系架构中发挥主导作用的知识领域不同,形成建制化科研历史演进的宏观动态性。科研创新不是孤立实现的,需要科学-技术-仪器研制的互动,传统学科与前沿学科相互支撑,科研的专注与整合的有效设计,而这些结构性的配置安排,正是建制化科研不可替代的价值。本文为科技政策研究提供了新的视角,对未来我国科技体制改革具有理论和实践参考价值。Science is not only an organized,objective,and reasonable knowledge system but also an institutionalized social activity.Contemporary science and technology have shown unprecedented institutionalized characteristics.A new notion of“institutionalized science research”is introduced in the context of policy necessary,and its distinctive characteristics are explored from historical logic,theoretical logic,and empirical logic.This paper demonstrates that the history of scientific development is also the history of scientific knowledge production and scientific institutional evolution.In the history of scientific institutional evolution,every major mode adjustment aims to optimize the conditions and organizational structure of scientific research,to continuously improve the efficiency of scientific research activities.Improving the efficiency of scientific research is the intrinsic motivation for the evolution of institutionalized science.The existence of knowledge production mode II does not mean that mode II is better than mode I.Knowledge production mode II cannot be simply used as a basis for transforming research institutes.Knowledge innovation advances by interaction in the two-way as highly split and integration of scientific disciplines,which reflects the evolution of standardized science research.The knowledge system shapes matching research organizations.The knowledge domains that play a leading role in the knowledge system architecture are different,forming a macro dynamic evolution of institutionalized science research history.As revealed by the experience of some famous scientific research institutions,scientific research innovation is not achieved in isolation,but requires an interaction between science,technology,and instrument development.Mutual support between traditional and cutting-edge disciplines is also important.Organizational design should take into account both the concentration and integration of scientific research.These structural resource allocations are the irreplaceable value of insti

关 键 词：建制化科研 有组织科研 知识生产 科研机构 

分 类 号：G644.6[文化科学—高等教育学]