后征服时期英格兰郡守制与封建王权(1066—1215)  

Sheriff System and Feudal Monarchy in Post-Conquest England,1066—1215

作　　者：刘畅 Liu Chang

机构地区：[1]浙大城市学院浙江历史研究中心,浙江杭州310015

出　　处：《史学月刊》2024年第2期76-86,共11页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：自1066年诺曼征服至1215年《大宪章》的颁布,是英格兰封建王权发展的重要时期。这一时期封建王权与地方社会的关系以国王和郡守为典型代表,大致呈现三个阶段。首先,三次郡制改革体现了诺曼征服后国王加强地方统治的决心,且国王在二者关系中占据主动。其次,郡守的身份地位和职能属性反映了国王所推行的地方代理人制度,表现为封建王权对地方社会的主动介入。最后,郡守对国王的反抗代表了这一时期地方社会与封建王权之间的权力紧张。总的来说,这一时期国王和郡守的关系不仅透视出王室政府与地方社会之间的博弈与妥协,也凸显了封建王权介入地方社会的最终目的和行为本质,进而二者在权力调适下趋于动态平衡。From the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the promulgation of the Magna Carta in 1215,this period is regarded as an important period for the development of feudal monarchy in England.The relationship between feudal monarchy and local society in this period was typically represented by kings and sheriffs,and generally presented three stages.First of all,the three county system reforms reflected the king's determination to strengthen local rule after the Norman Conquest,and the king took the initiative in the relationship between them.Secondly,the status and functions of the sheriff reflected a certain degree of subordinate power of the king,which was the active intervention of the feudal monarchy in the local society.Finally,the sheriff's revolt against the king represented the power tension between local society and the feudal monarchy during this period.In general,the relationship between the king and the sheriff during this period not only reveals the game and compromise between the royal government and the local society,but also highlights the ultimate purpose and behavioral nature of the feudal monarchy intervening in the local society.

关 键 词：中世纪英格兰 郡守 封建王权 地方治理 诺曼征服 

分 类 号：K561.32[历史地理—历史学]