秦简“中县道”与秦代京畿行政体制  

“Zhongxian Dao”in the Qin Bamboo Slips and the Administrative System of the Capital of Qin

作　　者：吴方基[1] Wu Fangji

机构地区：[1]嘉应学院政法学院,广东梅州514015

出　　处：《史学月刊》2024年第1期5-14,共10页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“出土文书与秦代地方治理研究”(22FZSB014);教育部人文社科研究规划基金项目“大一统视野下秦朝‘新地’治理研究”(21YJA770012)。

摘　　要：秦简“中县道”可在内史、属邦、郡三大郡级行政区的框架下进行解读。在法律文本及行政运作中,“中县”可以独立,是一种郡级行政区,当属内史统辖。由此“中县道”应断读为“中县、道”,是“中县”与“中道”的统称。岳麓秦简“属邦道”与“中县”等郡区相应,应是属邦统辖的郡级行政区。“中道”与“属邦道”同在秦旧地,与“中县”相对应,又非“郡县道”之“道”,说明属邦统辖的“属邦道”即是“中道”。因此,秦代京畿地区“中县道”实为内史与属邦双重管辖的行政体制。这种体制既延续着秦统一前的王畿行政体制,又奠定了汉初京畿行政一体化的基础。In the Qin bamboo slips,the term“Zhongxian Dao”warrants a further interpretation within the framework of three major administrative districts of the county level:Neishi,Shubang,and Jun.In legal documents and the administrative operations,“Zhongxian”can operate independently as a county-level administrative district under the jurisdiction of Neishi.Therefore,“Zhongxian Dao”should be read as“Zhongxian”and“Dao”.It is a general term for both“Zhongxian”and“Zhongdao”.The Qin bamboo slips collected by Yuelu Academy,which encompass“Shubang Dao”and“Zhongxian”,align with county regions and are inferred to be county-level administrative districts under the jurisdiction of vassal states.Both“Zhongdao”and“Shubang Dao”found their place in the former Qin territory,corresponding to“Zhongxian”,yet they differed from“Dao”in“Junxian Dao”,signifying that“Shubang Dao”under the jurisdiction of vassal states was“Zhongdao”.Thus,“Zhongxian Dao”in the capital region of Qin operated as an administrative system under the dual governance of Neishi and vassal states.This structure not only continued the administrative framework of the former royal capital before the unification of Qin but also laid the groundwork for the administrative integration of the capital region in the early Han dynasty.

关 键 词：秦朝 京畿地区 中县道 内史 属邦 

分 类 号：K231[历史地理—历史学] K233[历史地理—中国史]