历史“本真”与舆论“叙述”——国共易势之际陈布雷自杀事件再探  

Historical“Truth”and Public Opinion“Narration”:A Reexploration of Chen Bulei’s Suicide During the Change of Power Between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China

作　　者：刘长林[1] 胡丞嗣 Liu Changlin;Hu Chengsi

机构地区：[1]上海大学历史系,上海200444

出　　处：《史学月刊》2024年第1期59-67,共9页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“自杀问题防范与处理的中国经验研究”(15BSH017)。

摘　　要：1948年国民党中政会秘书长、“总统府”国策顾问陈布雷的自杀是国共易势之际的重大事件。回到历史现场,发现陈布雷自杀事实及内中因由,并非在事件发生后即昭然著闻,而是经历了一个由被遮蔽到逐渐显露的过程。原本清晰确定的自杀事实,经由国民党党媒的重塑与社会谣言的矫饰后,变为“病逝”与“自杀”相互交织甚而难辨真伪的“罗生门式”叙事。国民党虽最终迫于内外舆论压力照实公布陈布雷遗书,但在解读陈布雷自杀事件时,仍不忘借机向民众传输党化意识形态,将其因对时局悲观失望的自杀行为诠释为“忧劳成疾,以死报国”的壮举。此类说法无异于避重就轻,也使得相关历史“本真”被无形遮蔽。在陈布雷自杀事件中,寻绎历史“本真”转化为舆论“叙述”的逻辑,以及通过舆论“叙述”还原历史“本真”的路径,进而探明陈布雷自杀的历史场景,不失为解读陈布雷自杀本意及其与时局关联的有效门径。The suicide of Chen Bulei,a national policy adviser to the“Presidential Palace”of the Kuomintang in 1948,was a major event during the change of power between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.Returning to the historical scene,we find that the truth and internal causes of Chen Bulei's suicide were not known immediately after the incident,but experienced a process from being covered to gradually revealing.After the careful reconstruction of the Kuomintang party media and the affectation of social rumors,the originally clear-cut suicide fact had become a“Rashomon”narrative in which“died of illness”and“suicide”were intertwined and it was even difficult to distinguish the truth from the false.Although the Kuomintang finally released Chen Bulei's suicide note under the pressure of domestic and foreign public opinion,it still took the opportunity to transmit its party ideology to the people through interpreting Chen Bulei's suicide incident.Chen's suicide behavior caused by pessimism and disappointment in the current situation was interpreted as“overworking and serving the country with death”.Such statements were tantamount to avoiding and neglecting the important,and also covering the“truth”of relevant history.In terms of Chen Bulei's suicide incident,exploring the logic of transforming historical“authenticity”into public opinion“narration”and the path of restoring historical“authenticity”through public opinion“narration”,can be regarded as an effective way to interpret the original intention of Chen Bulei's suicide and its correlation with the situation at that time.

关 键 词：国共易势 解放战争 陈布雷自杀 国民党 

分 类 号：K266[历史地理—历史学]