19世纪末美国海军主义与美国霸权崛起  

US Navalism in the Late 19th Century and the Rise of American Hegemony

作　　者：李赛林 Li Sailin

机构地区：[1]伦敦大学学院,伦敦300071

出　　处：《史学月刊》2024年第1期102-116,共15页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：19世纪末的美国饱受经济危机和社会动荡等内部矛盾的困扰,并且受到来自欧洲列强的海上军事威胁。美国海军主义在这种历史背景下应运而生,它结合了英国的海权思想和本土的进步主义思想,主张取得制海权,建造强大舰队,鼓励军事技术创新以及对外扩张。海军主义带有明显的精英色彩,是一种为精英阶层服务的社会思潮,海军军官和职业政客是这一思潮的核心支持者。为了获取民众对海军的关注和支持,上述海军主义者通过科普读物、报纸期刊以及海军公共活动将这种思潮与爱国主义绑定从而推向了美国社会。海军主义在19世纪80年代对美国国内政治产生初步影响,推动了远洋海军的建设,最终在19世纪90年代开始干涉外交决策。它在萨摩亚危机和委内瑞拉危机的解决过程中迅速发展,直接刺激了1898年美西战争的爆发,为美国全球霸权的强势崛起铺平了道路。At the end of the 19th century, the United States was plagued by internal contradictions such as economic crisis and social unrest, and faced maritime military threats from the great powers.In this context, American navalism emerged.It combined British sea power thinking with domestic progressive ideas, and advocated gaining naval supremacy, building a powerful fleet, and encouraging the innovation of military technology and external expansion.US navalism carried a distinct elitist character and served the interests of the elite class, with naval officers and professional politicians as its core supporters.To garner public attention and support for the navy, navalists utilized newspapers, journals, and naval public events to link their ideology with patriotism, thus promoting it throughout American society.In the 1880s, navalism began to influence domestic politics, facilitating the construction of an ocean-going navy, and in the 1890s, it started to interfere with foreign policy.It developed rapidly in the resolution of the Samoan crisis and the Venezuelan crisis, and directly stimulated the outbreak of the Spanish-American War in 1898,which led the United States to walk on the path of “interventionist” hegemony.

关 键 词：海权论 海军主义 干涉主义 美国外交 美国霸权 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学]