美国国会涉华议题泛安全化态势——以TikTok案为例  

Over-securitization and Its Logic of China-related Issues in the US Congress——A Case Study of TikTok-related Issues

作　　者：蔡龙宇 张焱宇[1] Cai Longyu;Zhang Yanyu

机构地区：[1]中国现代国际关系研究院

出　　处：《现代国际关系》2023年第12期91-109,163,共20页

基　　金：国家社科基金重大研究专项(项目号22NMG003)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：近年来,美国国会不啻反华渊薮,涉华议题泛安全化态势趋强。究其原因,既源于国会的反华传统,也涉及国会决策流程“结构—功能”因素对“中国威胁”的放大与异化。在美开启“对华竞赢”战略后,泛安全化渐成美国护持全球霸权、缓解战略焦虑的惯性认知和竞斗手段。然而,泛安全化在美国国内难纾国会两党极化与决策失灵之困,在国际上易生安全困境且会导致国际安全环境畸变。基于绝对安全思维与政治制度设计,美国会否落入“泛安全化陷阱”仍待探析,但TikTok安全化是美国会在涉华议题上极端反华叙事与细密遏华提案的缩影。短期看,TikTok提案热度受内外情势影响或有消涨,但中长期国会涉华议题泛安全化态势及其生成逻辑难以逆转。In recent years,the US Congress has been evolving into more than an anti-China maelstrom and China-related issues have been rendered even more over-securitized dynamically.The reason is not only the anti-China traditional tenet prevailed in the US Congress,but also the amplification and alienation of the“China threat”amid“structure-function”factors of the decision-making process in the US Congress.In the wake of the“outcompete China”strategy adopted by the US government,over-securitization has been increasingly reflecting the habitual cognition and deemed a stereotypical stunt to contest to preserve US global hegemony and alleviate its strategic anxiety.However,domestically,over-securitization will backfire and fail to mitigate the predicament of political polarization and decision-making malfunction in Capitol Hill,and internationally,it may precipitate security dilemma and stir international security environment.The United States is characterized by the absolute security mindset and its peculiar political system framework,upon which it remains to be unraveled whether the United States will fall into the over-securitization trap.Nonetheless,the securitization of TikTok is somewhat the miniature where extreme anti-China narrative and numerous China-related bills have been elaborated in order to exert containment,obstruction and sabotage via China-related issue hypes.In the short term,the heat of TikTok-related bills may ebb and flow under the influence of internal and external factors,while in the medium and long run,the tide of over-securitizing China-related issues in US Congress and its generative logic will be too grim to turn.

关 键 词：美国国会 泛安全化 涉华议题 TikTok提案 

分 类 号：D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学]