三亚海洋环境试验站污损生物生态研究  

Ecological Study on Fouling Organisms in a Marine Environmental Test Station Situated at Sanya Bay

作　　者：马士德[1] 陈新[2] 邰余 任海滔 韩文 郭为民 段继周[1] MA Shide;CHEN Xin;TAI Yu;REN Haitao;HAN Wen;GUO Weimin;DUAN Jizhou(Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;School of Science,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;Qingdao Tony Machinery and Equipment Co.,Ltd,Qingdao 266071,China;Sanya Branch of Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute,Sanya 572029,China;Qingdao Branch of Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute,Qingdao 266101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,青岛266071 [2]海南大学理学院,海口570228 [3]青岛东启机械设备有限公司,青岛266071 [4]中国船舶集团有限公司第七二五研究所三亚海洋环境试验站,三亚572029 [5]中国船舶集团有限公司第七二五研究所青岛分部,青岛266101

出　　处：《中国腐蚀与防护学报》2024年第1期38-46,共9页Journal of Chinese Society For Corrosion and Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32160270,59471054和59071040)。

摘　　要：三亚试验站的海水实验池中污损生物群落呈现物种少、密度低、个体小的特点,这与三亚自然海域及其他热带海域的情况差异较大。通过调查试验站污损生物生态分布特点,并对试验站水池结构、水质及灾害性水文气象进行了分析,表明由于试验水泥池结构改变了池内与池外自然海水的流动和交换状态,池内海水中叶绿素a及硝酸盐的浓度只有三亚湾的1/5~1/6;此外,风暴潮会在试验水池内产生高强度的冲刷,低潮位时曝晒对池壁产生较强的热效应,还存在持续5 h以上的强暴雨等极端自然灾害的侵害,这些因素导致水池水泥壁潮差区形成的污损生物群落中物种很少,都以能耐受极端环境的咬齿牡蛎为优势种,在全浸五年以上的表面无毒试板表面,也仅有稀少的管栖多毛类和厦门牡蛎附着。另外,非钝性黑色金属腐蚀率远大于在三亚其他海域的腐蚀率。本研究揭示天然海域中的人为设施会明显改变其中污损生物群落组成和结构,进而影响对材料防污性能及腐蚀过程的准确检测和评价结果。A survey reveals that the community of fouling organisms in the seawater testing pool of a marine environmental test station set at Sanya Bay on Hainan Island showed features of fewer species,lower density and smaller size of individual,which is quite different from those of the of natural seawaters at the vicinity and even other tropical sea areas.By investigating the ecological distribution of the species of fouling organisms in the test pool,the pool structure and the water quality,as well as the relevant meteorological events,it is found that the existence of concrete-made seawater test pool with designed structure can significantly change the flow state of the original sea area and even the ecological environment conditions of the natural sea area at the vicinity,as a consequence,the concentrations ofα-chlorophyll and nitrate within the pool were only 1/5-1/6 of that in the natural seawaters at Sanya Bay.In addition,high intensity scour may emerge in the testing pool during storm surge,strong heat effect may generate on the pool wall by low tide exposure,and there even exists extreme natural disasters such as heavy rain lasting more than 5 h.As a result of all of the above factors,there are few species of the community of fouling organisms may form in the tidal zone area of the cement wall of the pool.The dominant species are the Ostrea mordax in the pool.Besides,on the surface of non-toxic test plates that have been immersed for more than five years,only rare tube-dwelling polychaetes and Xiamen oysters attach.It is also found that the corrosion rate of non-passivable ferrous metal materials in the pool was much faster than that in natural tropical marine areas at Sanya Bay.This study illustrated that man-made facilities set in natural sea area could greatly affect the composition and structure of fouling organisms community,and thus affect the degree of accuracy of the detection-and evaluation-results of the antifouling performance and corrosion process of materials.

关 键 词：三亚站 海水试验池 污损生物群落 生态 

分 类 号：TG172[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]