Diversity and connectedness of brine shrimp viruses in global hypersaline ecosystems  

作　　者：Xuan Dong Cixiu Li Yiting Wang Tao Hu Fan Zhang Fanzeng Meng Meirong Gao Xuekai Han Guohao Wang Jiahao Qin Hans Nauwynck Edward CHolmes Patrick Sorgeloos Liying Sui Jie Huang Weifeng Shi 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Laoshan Laboratory,Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity,Qingdao 266071,China [2]Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University,Jinan 250021,China [3]Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong,Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences,Taian 271000,China [4]Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China [5]Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center,Tianjin University of Science&Technology,Tianjin 300457,China [6]Ghent University,Ghent 9000,Belgium [7]Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases,School of Medical Sciences,The University of Sydney,Sydney 2006,Australia [8]Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific,Bangkok 10900,Thailand [9]School of Public Health,Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences,Jinan 250117,China

出　　处：《Science China(Life Sciences)》2024年第1期188-203,共16页中国科学（生命科学英文版）

基　　金：This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0900501);Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,YSFRI,CAFS(20603022022005);Shinan District Science and Technology Foundation(Qingdao)(2022-2-027-ZH);Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(2020TD39);China Agriculture Research System(CARS-48);C.L.was supported by the Youth Innovation Team of Shandong Higher Education Institution(2021KJ064);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32200004);W.S.was supported by the Academic Promotion Programme of Shandong First Medical University(2019QL006);E.C.H.was funded by a National Medical Health and Research Council(Australia)Investigator Grant(GNT2017197).

摘　　要：Brine shrimp(Artemia)has existed on Earth for 400 million years and has major ecological importance in hypersaline ecosystems.As a crucial live food in aquaculture,brine shrimp cysts have become one of the most important aquatic products traded worldwide.However,our understanding of the biodiversity,prevalence and global connectedness of viruses in brine shrimp is still very limited.A total of 143 batches of brine shrimp(belonging to seven species)cysts were collected from six continents including 21 countries and more than 100 geographic locations worldwide during 1977–2019.In total,55 novel RNA viruses were identified,which could be assigned to 18 different viral families and related clades.Eleven viruses were dsRNA viruses,16 were+ssRNA viruses,and 28 were−ssRNA viruses.Phylogenetic analyses of the RNA-directed RNA polymerase(RdRp)showed that brine shrimp viruses were often grouped with viruses isolated from other invertebrates and fungi.Remarkably,most brine shrimp viruses were related to those from different hosts that might feed on brine shrimp or share the same ecological niche.A notable case was the novel brine shrimp noda-like virus 3,which shared 79.25%(RdRp)and 63.88%(capsid proteins)amino acid identity with covert mortality nodavirus(CMNV)that may cause losses in aquaculture.In addition,both virome composition and phylogenetic analyses revealed global connectedness in certain brine shrimp viruses,particularly among Asia and Northern America.This highlights the incredible species diversity of viruses in these ancient species and provides essential data for the prevalence of RNA viruses in the global aquaculture industry.More broadly,these findings provide novel insights into the previously unrecognized RNA virosphere in hypersaline ecosystems worldwide and demonstrate that human activity might have driven the global connectedness of brine shrimp viruses.

关 键 词：brine shrimp ARTEMIA virus diversity novel virus discovery global connectedness hypersaline ecosystem 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]