滴灌节水技术应用机理及热点研究进展  

Application Mechanism of Drip Irrigation Water Saving Technology and Hot Spot Research Progress

作　　者：李鹏 曹华[1] 詹伟 曹引波 范永申[1] 马春芽[1] LI Peng;CAO Hua;ZHAN Wei;CAO Yin-bo;FAN Yong-shen;MA Chun-ya(Farmland Irrigation Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Henan Key laboratory of water-saving agriculture,Xinxiang 453000,Henan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所河南省节水农业重点实验室,河南新乡453000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第2期62-68,75,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(IFI2023-24)。

摘　　要：滴灌是一种用水效率高的节水灌溉技术,具有少量多次、节水增产的特点。它能有效减少土壤蒸发和深层渗漏,提高灌溉水利用效率,同时其自动化程度高,可减少劳动力和运行管理成本。滴灌已成为国内外缺水地区的重要灌溉技术之一。目前,我国农业现代化发展过程中广泛使用滴灌技术,但也存在一些问题。从多个层面对滴灌技术的发展现状、适应作物类型、滴灌节水技术应用的研究热点、滴灌节水节肥机理以及存在的问题进行了梳理和分析,并提出了滴灌技术未来发展的建议,旨在为智慧滴灌技术的应用与研究提供借鉴和参考,为有效缓解我国农业用水紧缺,实现农田科学用水,提高作物的水分利用效率和农业生产的可持续性提供理论依据。Drip irrigation is a water-saving irrigation technology with high water-using efficiency.With its attributes of minimal water application and repeated use,it not only conserves water but also enhances agricultural productivity.This method effectively reduce soil evaporation and deep seepage,leading to improve water use efficiency.The high level of automation can reduce labour and operation management costs.Drip irrigation has become one of the important irrigation technologies in water scarce areas in China and abroad.Currently,drip irrigation technology is extensively used in the development of agricultural modernization in China,yet it has some issues.This paper thoroughly examines the current state of drip irrigation technology,its applicability to different crops,the research focus of drip irrigation water conservation technology application,the mechanism of drip irrigation water conservation and fertilizer conservation,and the existing problems are reviewed.A comprehensive analysis from various perspectives is presented,accompanied by recommendations for the future development of drip irrigation technology.The ultimate goal is to provide reference and guidance for the application and research of intelligent drip irrigation technology,and provide theoretical basis to effectively alleviate China agricultural water shortage,realize scientific water use in farmland,and improve crop water use efficiency and the sustainability of agricultural production.

关 键 词：滴灌 节水 水肥 趋势 应用机理 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]