甘蔗亲本田间自然抗病性评价及广义遗传力分析  

Evaluation and broad sense heritability analysis of disease resistance of sugarcane parents under field conditions

作　　者：杨荣仲 唐仕云[1] 肖祎 李文教[3] 雷敬超[1] 陈道德 黄赞斌 黄海荣[1] 陶宇 刘昔辉[1] 周会[1] YANG Rong-zhong;TANG Shi-yun;XIAO Yi;LI Wen-jiao;LEI Jing-chao;CHEN Dao-de;HUANG Zan-bin;HUANG Hai-rong;TAO Yu;LIU Xi-hui;ZHOU Hui(Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement(Guangxi),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement,Nanning 530007,China;Sichuan Institute of Agricultural Special Plants,Zizhong,Sichuan 641200,China;Guangxi Baise Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Baise,Guangxi 533612,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室,南宁530007 [2]四川省农业特色植物研究院,四川资中641200 [3]广西百色市农业科学研究所,广西百色533612

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第12期2606-2620,共15页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家糖料产业技术体系(CARS-170105);广西科技重大专项(桂科AA22117002);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT001)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解甘蔗亲本对甘蔗病害的抗性及病害发生的特点、影响因素和性状遗传力,为开展甘蔗抗病育种提供参考依据。【方法】选用463个甘蔗亲本在广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所丁当试验基地(以下简称丁当点)、广西百色市农业科学研究所试验基地(以下简称百色点)和四川省农业特色植物研究院资中试验基地(以下简称资中点),实施两轮田间自然抗病性评价,并进行方差分析、广义遗传力计算和聚类分析。【结果】在丁当点、百色点和资中点分别发现甘蔗病害18、17和15种。除花叶病和黑穗病外,发病相对较重的还有褐条病、赤腐病、轮斑病、黄点病和叶枯病,其病情指数均大于10.00。方差分析结果表明,不同病害的显著性影响因素不同,且多数病害的互作方差占比高于主效应方差占比。试验点内联合分析时,丁当点内亲本方差显著(P<0.05,下同)或极显著(P<0.01,下同)的病害为轮斑病、赤腐病、黄点病、锈病、褐斑病、梢腐病和紫斑病,百色点内亲本方差显著或极显著的病害为轮斑病、黄点病、赤腐病、梢腐病和叶焦病,资中点内亲本方差显著的病害为赤条病;所有试验点联合分析时,亲本方差显著或极显著的病害为轮斑病、黄点病、赤腐病、叶焦病和紫斑病。广义遗传力计算结果表明,甘蔗白叶病属中等遗传力性状,白疹病、锈病、轮斑病、褐条病和叶焦病属中等偏低遗传力性状,叶枯病、赤腐病、梢腐病、紫斑病、赤条病、黄点病、褐斑病和虎斑病属低等遗传力性状,但进行联合方差分析时仅轮斑病、黄点病、赤腐病、叶焦病和紫斑病存在广义遗传力,可通过多年多点田间试验进行抗病选择。不同选育年代甘蔗亲本的抗病性未呈现持续向好的选择结果,仅褐条病和叶枯病存在波动;不同来源甘蔗亲本的赤腐病、轮斑病、眼点病和叶枯病存在显著或极显著�【Objective】To understand the disease resistance of sugarcane parents,and the characteristics of disease occurrence,influencing factors,heritability of traits,and provide reference for disease resistance breeding in sugarcane.【Method】Two rounds of field disease resist⁃ance trial,including 463 sugarcane parents,were carried out in Dingdang Experimental Base of Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Acade⁃my of Agricultural Sciences(hereinafter referred to as Dingdang),Experimental Base of Baise Agricultural Research Institute,Guangxi(here⁃inafter referred to as Baise)and Zizhong Experimental Base of Sichuan Institute of Agricultural Special Plants(hereinafter referred to as Zizhong),and analysis of variance,broad sense heritability calculation and cluster analysis were processed.【Result】There were 18,17 and 15 sugarcane diseases were found in Dingdang,Baise and Zizhong,respectively.Except for mosaic and smut disease,the relatively severe dis⁃eases were brown stripe,red rot,ring spot,yellow spot and leaf blight disease,with a disease index greater than 10.00.The result of analysis of variance showed that the significant influence factors of different diseases were different,and the proportion of interaction variance of most diseases was higher than that of main effect variance.In the joint analysis of variance within the experimental location,the disease with signif⁃icant(P<0.05,the same as below)or extremely significant(P<0.01,the same as below)parental variance in Dingdang were ring spot,red rot,yellow spot,rust,brown spot,pokkah boeng and purple spot disease,in Baise were ring spot,yellow spot,red rot,pokkah boeng and leaf blight disease,in Zizhong was red stripe disease.The diseases with significant or extremely significant parental variance in all experimen⁃tal locations were ring spot,yellow spot,red rot,leaf scorch and purple spot disease.The calculation of broad sense heritability showed that sugarcane white leaf disease was a medium heritability trait,white rash,rust,leaf spot,brown st

关 键 词：甘蔗亲本 田间自然感病 抗病性评价 广义遗传力 聚类分类 

分 类 号：S435.661[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]