85份苦瓜种质资源农艺性状的遗传多样性分析  

Genetic diversity analysis of 85 Momordica charantia L.germplasm resources on agronomic characters

作　　者：李丽琼 阳世莹 麻继仙[1] 但忠[1] 陈光平[1] 杨龙[1] 起开斌 木万福[1] LI Li-qiong;YANG Shi-ying;MA Ji-xian;DAN Zhong;CHEN Guang-ping;YANG Long;QI Kai-bin;MU Wan-fu(Institute of Tropical Eco-Agriculture,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yuanmou,Yunnan 651399,China;Chuxiong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chuxiong,Yunnan 675000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,云南元谋651399 [2]楚雄州农业科学院,云南楚雄675000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第12期2621-2630,共10页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省自然科学基金面上项目(202201AT070061);云南省楚雄州彝乡科技领军人才项目。

摘　　要：【目的】对苦瓜的农艺性状进行综合评价,筛选优异苦瓜资源,为苦瓜良种选育和种质创新提供参考。【方法】以85份苦瓜种质资源为材料,对其20个农艺性状作变异性分析、相关性分析和主成分层次聚类分析,并进行综合评价。【结果】参试的苦瓜种质资源数量性状的变异系数为7.00%~77.00%,苦瓜类型较丰富,亲缘关系较远,适合作为种质创新的亲本材料;相关性分析显示,20个农艺性状间存在彼此促进或抑制的内在关系,可作为苦瓜种质资源综合评价的关键信息;主成分层次聚类分析显示,在遗传距离为7.5时可将85份苦瓜分为5个类群,提取每个类群的典型特征和代表品种,得出类群Ⅰ有17份苦瓜,属易畸形类种质,代表品种有K80、K13、K45、K72、K44;类群Ⅱ有35份苦瓜,属早熟类种质,代表品种有K26、K9、K10、K38、K6;类群Ⅲ有15份苦瓜,属晚熟类种质,代表品种有K17、K16、K74、K62、K59;类群Ⅳ有3份苦瓜,属早熟强雌类种质,品种有K24、K83、K43;类群Ⅴ有15份苦瓜,属高产型种质,代表品种有K2、K84、K28、K30、K37。【结论】参试的85份苦瓜种质资源类型较丰富,适合作为种植创新的亲本材料;筛选出早熟型种质K65、K38、K10、K9、K26,早熟强雌系种质K43、K83、K24,高产类种质K37、K30、K28、K84、K2,以及晚熟型种质K59、K62、K74、K16、K17。在今后的育种工作中,该18份苦瓜种质可作为优异目标亲本选择,易畸形种质K44、K72、K45、K13和K80,可直接淘汰。【Objective】The agronomic traits of Momordica charantia L.were evaluated comprehensively,and the excellent resources were se⁃lected to provide reference for breeding and germplasm innovation.【Method】Variation analysis,correlation analysis and principal component hierarchical cluster analysis were used to evaluate 20 agronomic characters of 85 M.charantia L.germplasm resources.【Result】The varia⁃tion coefficient of quantitative traits of the germplasm resources of M.charantia L.was 7.00%to 77.00%,indicating that M.charantia L.was rich in types and distant in relation,which was suitable as parent material for germplasm innovation.The correlation analysis showed that the 20 agronomic traits had internal relationship of promoting or inhibiting each other,which could be used as the key information for compre⁃hensive evaluation of M.charantia L.germplasm resources.The principal component hierarchical clustering analysis showed that 85 bitter melons could be divided into 5 groups at a genetic distance of 7.5,and the typical characteristics and representative varieties of each group were extracted.The results showed that there were 17 bitter gourds in group I,which belonged to malformable germplasm,and the represent⁃ative varieties were K80,K13,K45,K72 and K44;35 bitter gourds in Group Ⅱ,which belonged to early maturity germplasm,and the rep⁃resentative varieties were K26,K9,K10,K38 and K6;15 bitter gourds in Group III,which belonged to late maturing germplasm,and the typical varieties were K17,K16,K74,K62 and K59;3 bitter gourds in GroupⅣ,which belonged to precocious and strong female germplasm,and the typical varieties were K24,K83 and K43;15 bitter gourds in GroupⅤ,which belonged to high⁃yield germplasm,and the typical varieties were K2,K84,K28,K30 and K37.【Conclusion】The 85 M.charantia L.germplasm resources were rich and suitable as parent materials for planting innovation.The early⁃maturing germplasm K65,K38,K10,K9,K26,early⁃maturing female germplasm K43,K83,K24,high⁃yielding ge

关 键 词：苦瓜 种质资源 农艺性状 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S642[农业科学—蔬菜学]