粉垄耕作和间作绿肥还田对甘蔗不同生长时期土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响  

Effects of Fenlong tillage and green manure returning on soil microbial community functional diversity at different developmental stages of sugarcane

作　　者：周灵芝[1,2] 黄渝岚 周佳 申章佑[1] 李艳英[1] 王锋[1] 李素平 张宪 劳承英 韦本辉[1] ZHOU Ling-zhi;HUANG Yu-lan;ZHOU Jia;SHEN Zhang-you;LI Yan-ying;WANG Feng;LI Su-ping;ZHANG Xian;LAO Cheng-ying;WEI Ben-hui(Cash Crops Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Guangxi Key Open Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Biotechnology,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院经济作物研究所,南宁530007 [2]广西作物遗传改良生物技术重点开放实验室,南宁530007

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第12期2640-2650,共11页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(2022GXNSFAA035518);广西科技重大专项(桂科AA20302020);广西农业科学院稳定资助科研团队项目(桂农科2021YT056)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨粉垄耕作和间作绿肥还田后对甘蔗不同生长时期土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响,为甘蔗产业可持续发展提供理论参考。【方法】设常规单作(CT)、常规间作绿肥还田(CTJ)、粉垄单作(FL)和粉垄间作绿肥还田(FLJ)4个处理,利用Biolog微平板法研究不同处理对甘蔗分蘖期、伸长期和成熟期土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响。【结果】培养期内,不同处理的平均颜色变化率(AWCD)随着培养时间的增加而增大;培养至168 h时,甘蔗3个生长时期0~20 cm土层中各处理的AWCD值均为分蘖期>伸长期>成熟期,每个时期各处理在0~20 cm土层的AWCD值大于20~40 cm土层。在0~20 cm土层,分蘖期、伸长期和成熟期FLJ处理的AWCD值分别比其他处理增加24.6%~55.2%、114.8%~205.3%和25.9%~47.8%。在甘蔗整个生育期,0~20和20~40 cm土层中FLJ处理的Shannon-wiener多性样指数、Simpson优势度指数和Mclntosh丰富度指数最大(成熟期Mclntosh丰富度指数除外),但与其他处理总体差异不显著(P>0.05)。碳水类、氨基酸类和羧酸类为微生物代谢利用最主要的碳源,0~20 cm土层中FLJ处理对碳水类、氨基酸类、羧酸类、多聚物类、胺类、酚酸类六类碳源的利用强度总体上大于其他处理。在分蘖期,土壤微生物对多聚物类和氨基酸类的利用程度最高;在伸长期和成熟期均为对碳水类和氨基酸类的利用程度最高。主成分分析表明,粉垄耕作和间作绿肥还田影响着土壤微生物群落碳代谢能力,各处理的微生物群落代谢功能存在显著差异(P<0.05),导致微生物群落功能差异的特征碳源为碳水类、氨基酸类和羧酸类。【结论】粉垄耕作结合间作绿肥还田可以增加土壤微生物群落功能多样性并提高其对碳源的利用程度,可作为一种耕作与栽培模式在广西蔗区推广应用。【Objective】The study aimed to explore the impact of Fenlong tillage and intercropping green manure on the functional diversity of soil microbial communities at different growth stages of sugarcane,and provide theoretical reference for the sustainable development of the sugarcane industry.【Method】Four treatments were set up including conventional tillage(CT),conventional tillage green manure returning(CTJ),Fenlong tillage(FL)and Fenlong tillage green manure returning(FLJ)by using Biolog microplate method.The effects of soil mi⁃crobial functional diversity at tillering,elongation and mature stages of sugarcane were investigated.【Result】The average well color development(AWCD)values of different treatments increased with the extension of culture time.After 168 hours of culture,the change of AWCD values in 0-20 cm soil layer during three growth stages was as follows:tillering stage>elongation stage>mature stage.The AWCD value of each treatment in 0-20 cm soil layer was greater than that in 20-40 cm soil layer in each stage.In the 0-20 cm soil layer,the AWCD val⁃ues at tillering,elongation and mature stages increased by 24.6%-55.2%,114.8%-205.3%and 25.9%-47.8%,respectively.Dur⁃ing the whole growth period,the Shannon⁃wiener diversity index,Simpson dominance index and Mclntosh richness index were maximum in FLJ at 0-20 and 20-40 cm soils(except for Mclntosh richness index at mature stage),but the overall difference between FLJ and other treatments was not significant(P>0.05).Carbohydrates,amino acids and carboxylic acids were the most important carbon sources for mi⁃crobial metabolism and utilization.In general,FLJ treatment at 0-20 soil layer had a higher utilization intensity for 6 types of carbon sources(carbohydrate,amino acids,carboxylic acids,polymers,amines,phenolic acids)than other treatments.The utilization of polymers and amino acids was the highest at tillering stage.The utilization of carbohydrates and amino acids was the highest at the elongation stage and mature stage.The principal co

关 键 词：粉垄耕作 绿肥还田 微生物群落 代谢功能 功能多样性 甘蔗 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]