甘蔗属及其近缘属代表性种质的转录组比较分析  

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Representative Germplasm of Saccharum and Its Closely Related Genera

作　　者：李思程 冯梦凡 杨细平 LI Sicheng;FENG Mengfan;YANG Xiping(State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology,Guangxi University,Nanning,530004;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education,College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning,530004)

机构地区：[1]广西大学,亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,广西甘蔗生物学重点实验室,南宁530004 [2]广西大学农学院,植物科学国家级实验教学示范中心,南宁530004

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2023年第12期1323-1337,共15页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(2020GXNSFAA297039);广西科技重大专项项目(桂科AA22117002);广西百人计划项目共同资助。

摘　　要：甘蔗近缘种斑茅(Tripidium arundinaceum)、甘蔗属内野生种割手密(Saccharum spontaneum)和大茎野生种(Saccharum robustum)具有茎部强壮、耐旱、耐涝、耐霜和抗病性等对现代甘蔗品种改良具有重要价值的性状。本研究通过比较甘蔗属及其近缘属四个代表性种质,包括一个甘蔗属近缘种质(斑茅)、两个甘蔗属野生种(割手密、大茎野生种)和一个甘蔗属驯化种(热带种)的转录组,以探讨它们在转录层面的差异。研究发现,甘蔗近缘种斑茅与甘蔗属野生种割手密(BM vs Y83)、甘蔗属内的两个野生种割手密与大茎野生种(Y83 vs N57)以及甘蔗属内的野生种割手密和驯化种热带种(N57 vs NJ)之间的差异表达基因主要涉及光合作用、次级代谢和信号转导等,这可能导致甘蔗属及其近缘属物种间在光合能力、抗生物和非生物胁迫能力以及营养利用方面存在差异。割手密在氮代谢表现出较斑茅和大茎野生种更强的潜力,表明其在氮素利用上可能更具优势。此外,割手密的特异表达基因涉及光感受器、昼夜节律时钟和开花途径,这可能与其开花特性相关。本研究还鉴定了甘蔗属及其近缘属、甘蔗属内野生种和驯化种之间的4325个直系同源基因,这些基因的正选择分析结果表明割手密可能在自然选择下逐渐改变基因表达模式以适应环境,而热带种从大茎野生种驯化后的分化和适应可能与植物激素信号转导的改变相关。Tripidium arundinaceum,a close relative of sugarcane,and Saccharum spontaneum and Saccharum robustum,wild species within sugarcane,exhibit valuable traits for improvement of modern sugarcane cultivar,such as robust stems,drought,flood,and frost tolerance,and disease resistance.In this study,we compared the transcriptomes of representative germplasm from four sugarcane and closely related species,including a close relative of sugarcane(T.arundinaceum),two wild species within the Saccharum genus(S.spontaneum and S.robustum),and a domesticated sugarcane(S.officinarum),to investigate their transcriptomic differences.The research revealed that differentially expressed genes,between the sugarcane relative T.Tripidium arundinaceum and the wild species S.spontaneum of Saccharum genus(BM vs Y83),between two wild species S.spontaneum and S.robustum within the Saccharum genus(Y83 vs N57),and between wild species S.robustum and domesticated species S.officinarum within the Saccharum genus(N57 vs NJ),primarily involved functions related to photosynthesis,secondary metabolism,and signal transduction,which likely led to variations in their photosynthetic capacity,resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses,and nutrient utilization.S.spontaneum exhibited greater potential in nitrogen metabolism compared to T.arundinaceum and S.robustum,suggesting its potential advantages in nitrogen utilization.Furthermore,species-specific expressed genes in S.spontaneum were associated with photoreceptors,circadian rhythm clocks,and flowering pathways,indicating its unique flowering feature.The study also identified 4325 orthologous genes among sugarcane,its close relatives,wild species,and domesticated varieties within the Saccharum genus,and positive selection analysis of these genes indicated that S.spontaneum gradually altered its gene expression patterns under natural selection to adapt to its environment,while the differentiation and adaptation of S.officinarum during the domestication process from S.robustum were likely related to the chan

关 键 词：甘蔗 甘蔗近缘种 比较转录组 RNA-seq 斑茅 割手密 大茎野生种 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]