集团结构视角下日本对拉丁美洲的软实力外交  

Japan's Soft Power Diplomacy Towards Latin America:The Perspective of Group Structure

作　　者：张梅[1] Zhang Mei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院文化发展促进中心

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2023年第6期103-123,153,154,共23页Journal of Latin American Studies

基　　金：中国社会科学院亚洲研究中心课题资助项目“日本文化输出战略与国家形象建构”(编号:2020YYZX001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着“全球南方”成为国际格局中一支重要力量,日本愈加重视对拉美地区的软实力外交。对于日本来说,拉美的特殊之处是日本移民的历史及大量日裔的存在。拉美的特殊性和日本的集团文化特性使日本对拉软实力外交呈现出“内外有别”的两层同心圆结构,成为由皇室、日本国际协力机构、日本国际交流基金及相关网络等多元主体实施的系统性工程。对于“内”侧的日裔,日本运用移民历史记忆、日本文化和价值观以及产业连接等软实力资源来达到吸引和同化日裔的目的。对于“外”侧的更广泛的拉美社会,日本运用防灾、环境问题上的理念和知识、日本经济发展模式、维护社会稳定与弱势群体福祉的经验等软实力资源,通过议程设置和经验推广来获得拉美民众对日本的认同。内外两层并不是截然分开,而是紧密联系,呈现渐进辐射特点。软实力外交加强了日裔对血脉纽带和日本文化特质的认同感,为日拉经贸往来互动营造了良好的环境,一定程度上树立了日本的良好形象,但也有其局限性。With the “global south”becoming an important force in the international landscape,Japan attaches greater importance to soft power diplomacy towards the Latin American region.The particularity of Latin America and the characteristics of Japan's group culture make Japan's soft power diplomacy towards Latin America present a twolayer structure with“internal and external differences”.Japan's soft power diplomacy is a systematic project implemented by a network of multiple actors including the Royal Family,the Japan International Cooperation Agency,and the Japan Foundation.In the“inside”layer,Japan uses the historical memory of immigrants,native culture and values,as well as industrial connections to attract and assimilate nikkeijin( the descendants of Japanese in Latin America).In the “outside”layer,Japan uses soft power resources such as knowledge on disaster prevention and environmental protection,economic development models,and experience in maintaining social stability and the well-being of vulnerable groups to gain Latin American people's recognition of Japan through agenda setting and experience promotion.The“inside”and“outside”layers are not completely separated,but closely connected,showing the characteristics of gradual radiation.Soft power diplomacy strengthens the sense of identification of nikkeijin with blood ties and Japanese cultural characteristics,creates a good environment for economic and trade exchanges between Japan and Latin America,and establishes a good image of Japan to a certain extent.However,Japan 's soft power diplomacy towards Latin America also has its limitations.

关 键 词：日本 拉丁美洲 软实力外交 全球南方 大国战略博弈 

分 类 号：D838.7[政治法律—政治学]