明洪武初年浙江黄册的起源与演变  

The Origin and Evolution of the Yellow Register of Zhejiang Province in the Early Hongwu Era of the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：尹敏志 YIN Minzhi

机构地区：[1]复旦大学文史研究院,上海200433

出　　处：《安徽大学学报（哲社版）》2024年第1期77-88,共12页

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“新见日本藏明初浙江行省文书整理研究”(23CZS028)。

摘　　要：据日本静嘉堂藏《汉书》《后汉书》纸背文书,洪武二、三年间,浙江行省处州、温州府已编排里甲,攒造“黄册”。其所编排里甲以一百户为里,其中十户里长,九十户甲首,分成十甲,每年一户里长带领九户甲首应役。五十户以下畸零户由同保百户里的里长带管,畸零户五十户以上则置立“小黄册”,自行编排里甲轮役。明初户帖是由民户保存的户籍副本,主要功能是核实户口;黄册由政府攒造并保存,主要功能是征发赋役,两者的内容并不直接对应。洪武十四年前,江南地区至少存在两种不同的百户里甲组织,黄册制度还处于探索阶段。洪武十三年,明政府在浙江黄册的基础上改良,翌年开始在全国攒造赋役黄册,增至一百一十户为里,遂为明代定制。According to the paper-back documents of The Book of Han(Hanshu)and The Book of the Later Han(Houhanshu)collected in Seikado Bunko of Japan,from 1369 to 1370,Chuzhou prefecture and Wenzhou prefecture of Zhejiang Province started compiling Li-jia and making Yellow Register.The Li-jia was compiled with 100 households as li and 10 households were selected as li-zhang,while the remaining 90 households were selected as jia-shou and divided into 10 jia,with 1 li-zhang leading 9 jia-shou each year for service.Sporadic households below 50 were under management of li-zhang in the same bao,while sporadic households above 50 will make“Small Yellow Register”and make Li-jia by themselves.In the early Ming Dynasty,the Hu-tie was a copy of the household register kept by the people,mainly used to verify the household population.The Yellow Register,however,was compiled by the government and mainly used for the collection of tax and corvee.The two were not directly corresponding to each other.Before 1381,there were at least 2 different Li-jia organizations in Jiang-nan area,the yellow registration and corvee system was in the exploratory phase.In 1380,on the basis of the Zhejiang yellow register,the Ming government proposed tax and corvee yellow register in the following year and the number of households was increased to 110 as li,which became an established rule in the Ming Dynasty.

关 键 词：明代 里甲 江南 赋役制度 纸背文书 黄册 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] F329[历史地理—中国史]