中国海洋渔业捕捞制度的困境及其疏解——基于与俄罗斯捕捞制度的比较研究  

The predicament of China’s Marine fishery fishing system and its resolution——Based on a comparative study with the Russian fishing system

作　　者：郑振瑶 郑煌杰 ZHENG Zhenyao;ZHENG Huangjie(Artificial Intelligence Law School of Shanghai University of Political Science and Law.Shanghai 201701,China;Law school of Central South University.Changsha 410083,Hunan China)

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院人工智能法学院,上海201701 [2]中南大学法学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《黑龙江水产》2024年第1期43-50,共8页Northern Chinese Fisheries

摘　　要：渔业权理论是构建各类海洋渔业法律制度的根基,捕捞限额制度、捕捞许可制度是捕捞渔业中最主要的管理制度和措施,推动海洋渔业捕捞制度的完善是构建海洋强国不可避免的重要内容。《中华人民共和国渔业法》专章规定了捕捞的权利和养殖的权利,但并未写明渔业权。实践中的中国捕捞制度存在监管不到位、体制不适应现实需要等问题。俄罗斯具有广阔的渔业水域和丰富的渔业资源,渔业资源开发利用和养护的法律规制的理论与具体制度较为完善。通过分析俄罗斯渔业权理论和捕捞制度,俄罗斯渔业捕捞配额的分配机制严格、渔业资源数据监测方式科学、渔获交易制度健全。借鉴俄罗斯渔业权理论构建和捕捞制度落实方式,科学地界定我国渔业权属性,进一步修改《渔业法》,规范捕捞配额制度,以强化中国渔业权理论基础,推进渔业捕捞制度落地。The theory of fishery rights is the foundation for the construction of various fishery systems.The fishing quota system and the fishing permit system are the most important management systems and measures in the fishing industry of fishery resources.The fishing system is an inevitable important content in the construction of fishery management,law enforcement and conservation systems.The Fisheries Law of the people’s Republic of China stipulates the rights of fishing and aquaculture,but does not specify the right of fisheries.In practice,there are some problems in China’s fishing system,such as inadequate supervision,unclear penalties,and the system does not meet the needs of reality.Russia has vast fishery waters and rich fishery resources.The theory and specific system of legal regulation on the development,utilization and conservation of fishery resources are relatively perfect.Through the analysis of the theory of fishery rights and the implementation of the fishing system in Russia,it can be seen that the allocation mechanism of fishing quotas in Russia is strict,the monitoring method of fishery resources data is scientific,the catch trading system is sound,and the fishing penalties are clear.Learning from the construction of the theory of fishery rights and the implementation of the fishing system in Russia can more scientifically define the attributes of China’s fishery rights,help further amend the Fisheries Law and regulate the fishing quota system,improve the legal norms of illegal acts that do not comply with fishery quotas,so as to strengthen the theoretical basis of China’s fishery rights and promote the implementation of the fishing system.

关 键 词：渔业权 渔业资源 捕捞制度 比较研究 捕捞业 

分 类 号：D922.4[政治法律—法学] F326.4[经济管理—产业经济]