超越“民族—国家”理论:从“国家—民族”理论看铸牢中华民族共同体意识  

Transcending the Theory of"Nation-State":Forging a Strong Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation from the Perspective of"State-Nation"Theory

作　　者：张继焦[1] 吴玥 ZHANG Ji-jiao;WU Yue

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学,北京102488 [2]中国社会科学院,北京100081

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2023年第4期67-73,共7页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金专项研究项目“历史经验与铸牢中华民族共同意识——中华民族共同体的形成和发展研究”(批准号:20VMZ001);教育部人文社会科学研究项目“农地确权后西北民族地区‘外来耕户’双重边缘处境与生计问题研究”(批准号:17YJC850011);中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地项目和所重点创新工程项目“中华民族共同体建设背景下民族学人类学学科体系改革与完善研究”(批准号:2022MZSCX006)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国民族理论和铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究必须符合本国国情,应超越西方式的“民族—国家”理论,从国家与中华民族整体的利益出发找回“国家”并给予其以民族之上的位置,即从“国家—民族”理论视角去研究铸牢中华民族共同体意识,主要体现在三个层面:基础层次的民族关系、上位层次的国家全局、“国家—民族”关系互动下的中国式现代国家发展。同时,“国家—民族”理论并不是西方所言的民族主义,而是一种强调国家利益、国家认同至上,将国家统一、政治一体奉为第一价值同时包容多元民族、多元文化的“新国家主义”,这一理念为世界其他国家的国家建设和国家治理提供了中国智慧,也对当下的铸牢中华民族共同体意识理论研究和民族工作实践提供了重要的启示。Research on Chinese ethnic theory and the forging of a strong sense of community consciousness for the Chinese nation must conform to the Chinese national conditions,and should transcend the Western"nation-state"theory.It should start from the interests of the state and the Chinese nation as a whole,and then re-establish the"state"and give it a position above the nation.In other words,the forging of a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation should be studied from the perspective of"state-nation"theory,which is mainly reflected in three aspects:the elementary level of ethnic relations,the overarching level of the national framework,and the development of the Chinese-style modern state under the interaction of the"state-nation"relationship.Meanwhile,the"state-nation"theory is not the nationalism advocated in the West,but rather emphasizes the supremacy of state interests and state identity,regarding the unification of the state and political integrity as the primary value while embracing a"new statism"that accommodates diverse ethnicities and cultures.This concept not only provides Chinese wisdom for the nation-building and governance of other countries in the world but also offers important insights for current theoretical research on the forging of a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and ethnic work practice.

关 键 词：民族—国家 国家—民族 铸牢中华民族共同体意识 新国家主义 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]