从营养平衡角度分析富营养化水体生态修复方法  

Elucidating ecological remediation of eutrophic water body from the perspective of nutrient balance

作　　者：王铮 张艾 林旭萌 何月玲 臧学轲 薛罡[1] WANG Zheng;ZHANG Ai;LIN Xumeng;HE Yueling;ZANG Xueke;XUE Gang(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;Shanghai Yaxin Construction Engineering General Contracting Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200436,China;Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area,MNR,Shanghai 200072,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海201620 [2]上海亚新城市建设有限公司,上海200436 [3]自然资源部大都市区国土空间生态修复工程技术创新中心,上海200072

出　　处：《东华大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期118-126,共9页Journal of Donghua University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52170067);上海市科委科技创新行动计划(19DZ1207903,21DZ1202405)

摘　　要：调节水体营养平衡是控制富营养化水体碳、氮、磷营养负荷及恢复水体生态系统的重要手段。从微生物、水生植物和水生动物三方面剖析了基于营养平衡调控的水体生态修复机理。着重介绍了基于营养平衡调控的工程修复方法(生态浮岛,沉水植物,人工湿地,微生物修复)的原理、优缺点及改良方法。生态浮岛易受水生植物的根茎长度及系统碳源的限制,可悬浮复合填料或提供还原态无机物作为电子供体替代有机碳源;将水生动物、微生物与沉水植物结合可提高沉水植物修复法的环境适应性;人工湿地存在碳氧水平和基质碳源不足的问题,可通过增氧和向基质添加天然有机物质、无机底物等方法解决;微生物修复受到的限制因素较少。未来可在工程应用中组合使用上述修复方法,从而构建多级水生态平衡系统。Regulating the nutrient balance of water bodies is an important means to control the nutrient load of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophic water bodies and to restore the ecosystem of water bodies.The ecological restoration mechanism of water bodies based on the regulation of nutrient balance was analyzed from three aspects:microorganisms,aquatic plants and aquatic animals.This review focused on the principles,advantages and disadvantages and improvement methods of engineering remediation methods(ecological floating islands,submerged macrophytes,artificial wetlands and microbial restoration)based on nutrient balance.Ecological floating islands were vulnerability limited by the rhizome length of aquatic plants and the carbon source of the system,which can be developed by suspending the composite filler and providing reduced state inorganic matter as an electron donor instead of organic carbon source.Combining aquatic animals,microorganisms and submerged plants can improve the environmental adaptability of submerged phytoremediation.Artificial wetlands suffered from insufficient carbon oxygen levels and substrate carbon source,which can be solved by increasing oxygen and adding natural organic substances and inorganic substrates into the substrate respectively.The microbial remediation was limited by relatively few factors.A combination of these remediation methods can be used in engineering applications to build a multi-level water ecological balance system in the future.

关 键 词：水体富营养化 生态修复 营养平衡 微生物修复 生态浮岛 沉水植物 人工湿地 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]