煤矿采动应力演化与围岩控制  

Evolution of mining-induced stress and strata control in underground coal mines

作　　者：康红普 高富强[1,2,3] KANG Hongpu;GAO Fuqiang(Coal Mining Research Institute,China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;Coal Mining Branch,China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Coal Mining and Strata Control,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工开采研究院有限公司,北京100013 [2]煤炭科学研究总院开采研究分院,北京100013 [3]煤炭智能开采与岩层控制全国重点实验室,北京100013

出　　处：《岩石力学与工程学报》2024年第1期1-40,共40页Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国家重大科研仪器研制项目(51927807)。

摘　　要：应力是引起采矿工程地下空间围岩变形与破坏的根本驱动力,大范围、高集中应力是煤矿井下采动应力的显著特点。煤矿井下应力场包括原岩应力场、采动应力场及支护应力场,三者共同构成井下综合应力场。以应力为主线,论述煤矿井下围岩应力演化特征及围岩控制理论与技术。在原岩应力方面,基于大量现场地应力测量数据,详细分析我国煤矿井下地应力场分布特征及影响因素。在采动应力方面,采用理论分析、数值模拟、相似模拟和现场监测相结合的方法,从多个维度综合研究掘进工作面与巷道围岩应力的演变过程,分析采煤工作面周围的采动应力演化特征及主要影响因素。在支护应力方面,自主研发一系列巷道支护测试及模拟试验平台,系统开展锚杆及护表构件在多种复杂受力状态下的测试试验,揭示它们的力学响应特征及破坏机制。深入研究各种支护方式在支护结构自身及围岩中产生的支护应力场分布特征及演化规律。在研究原岩应力、采动应力及支护应力的基础上,分析围岩表面支护、锚固、改性、卸压及联合法的围岩控制机制、设计方法、支护加固材料及控制技术。应用实例重点介绍水力压裂卸压技术、支护+改性+卸压协同控制技术,井下试验与应用表明,基于采动应力演化的围岩控制技术显著提高了巷道围岩稳定性和安全程度,取得良好的围岩控制效果。最后,分析煤矿井下应力场研究及巷道围岩控制中存在的问题,并对未来围岩应力测试与分析、围岩控制理论与技术发展趋势进行展望。Stress is the fundamental driving force causing deformation and damage of the surrounding rock in mining engineering underground spaces.Widespread and highly concentrated stress is a notable feature of mining-induced stress in underground coal mines.The stress field underground in coal mines includes the insitu stress field,mining-induced stress field,and support stress field,together forming the comprehensive underground stress field.This article discusses the stress evolution characteristics of coal mine surrounding rock and the theory and technology of surrounding rock control,with stress as the main focus.Regarding insitu stress,based on extensive field measurements of in-situ stress,the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of the underground stress field in Chinese coal mines were detailedly analyzed.Concerning mining-induced stress,a combination of theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,physical simulation,and field monitoring methods were employed.The evolution process of stress in the excavation face and roadway surrounding rock was comprehensively studied from multiple perspectives,and the mining-induced stress evolution characteristics and main influencing factors around the coal mining face were analyzed.In terms of support stress,a series of roadway support test and simulation experiment platforms were independently developed.Systematic tests were conducted on rock bolts and roadway surface protective components under various complex load conditions,and their mechanical response characteristics and failure mechanisms were evaluated.The distribution characteristics and evolution laws of the support stress fields generated by various support methods,both in support itself and in the surrounding rock,were deeply studied.Based on the studies of in-situ stress,mining-induced stress,and support stress,the control mechanisms,design methods,support reinforcement materials,and control techniques of rock surface support,anchoring,modification,unloading,and combined methods were analyzed.Appli

关 键 词：采矿工程 煤矿 原岩应力 采动应力 支护应力 应力演化 围岩控制 

分 类 号：TD31[矿业工程—矿井建设]