煤与瓦斯突出相似模拟试验的能量原理  

Energy principle of simulation experiments on coal and gas outburst

作　　者：程远平 雷杨[2] 杨斯杰 CHENG Yuanping;LEI Yang;YANG Sijie(National Engineering Research Center for Coal Gas Control,Xuzhou 221116,China;Mining College,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Key Laboratory of Coal Methane and Fire Control under Ministry of Education,Xuzhou 221116,China;School of Safety Engineering,China Uni-versity of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]煤矿瓦斯治理国家工程研究中心,江苏徐州221116 [2]贵州大学矿业学院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]煤矿瓦斯与火灾防治教育部重点实验室,江苏徐州221116 [4]中国矿业大学安全工程学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2023年第11期4078-4096,共19页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52034008,52374240)。

摘　　要：煤与瓦斯突出作为一种破坏力极强的矿井动力灾害,由于这种动力灾害通常难以直接观测,煤与瓦斯突出的物理相似模拟成为了收集突出观测数据和研究突出机理的重要方法。然而,突出相似模拟试验的能量原理目前仍缺乏系统性研究。通过对过去70 a中突出模拟试验的回顾,发现实验型煤具有普遍较高的孔隙率(10%~40%,中位数为21.2%),显著增大了煤孔隙中储存的初始游离瓦斯膨胀能(几倍到几十倍)。为了进一步获得突出模拟试验的能量释放特征,基于相似准则,利用真三轴煤与瓦斯突出模拟系统开展了一系列突出模拟试验。结合观测数据与能量分析,发现瓦斯膨胀能是突出能量的主要组成部分,占总能量的87.50%~95.31%,其中初始游离气体的贡献占比为1/3~2/3;证明了实验室模拟试验的本质,是将突出过程等效为煤中高压气体驱动的动力过程。特别是,由于实验型煤高孔隙率引起的高初始游离瓦斯膨胀能,模拟试验可以不依赖应力条件,甚至可以由非吸附性气体(如He)在低压下(约0.45 MPa)诱发。与现场实际突出相比,模拟试验往往表现为瓦斯膨胀能与应力能的同时释放,缺乏应力与瓦斯之间的相互作用,因而难以还原突出的激发过程。在未来的试验装置设计中,如何使实验型煤孔隙率与原始煤层相当(通常为1%~11%)是突出相似模拟能否在相似性上获得突破性进展的关键。Coal and gas outburst is an extremely destructive gas dynamic disaster in mines.Since such dynamic disasters are usually difficult to observe directly,physical similarity simulation of coal and gas outburst has become an important method for collecting observational data on outburst and studying outburst mechanisms.However,the energy principles of outburst similarity simulation experiments still lack systematic research.A review of outburst simulation experiments over the past 70 years revealed that experimental coals generally have a higher porosity(10%–40%,median 21.2%),which significantly increases the expansion energy of the initial free gas stored in the coal pores(by several times to several tens of times).To further elucidate the energy release characteristics of outburst simulation experiments,a series of outburst simulation experiments were conducted using a true triaxial coal and gas outburst simulation system,based on similarity criter-ia.Combined with observational data and energy analysis,it was found that gas expansion energy is the predominant com-ponent of outburst energy,accounting for 87.50%-95.31%of the total energy,of which the contribution of initial free gas accounts for 1/3 to 2/3.This demonstrates that the essence of laboratory simulation experiments is to represent the out-burst process as a dynamic process driven by high-pressure gas in coal.Due to the high initial free gas expansion energy resulting from the high porosity of experimental coal,simulation experiments can be induced without relying on stress conditions,and even by non-adsorptive gases(such as He)under low pressure(about 0.45 MPa).In contrast to actual field outburst,simulation experiments often exhibit simultaneous release of gas expansion energy and stress energy,lacking in-teraction between stress and gas,thus making it difficult to reproduce the excitation process of outburst.In the design of future experimental apparatuses,matching the porosity of experimental coal to that of the original coal seam(usually 1%-11%)is

关 键 词：煤与瓦斯突出 瓦斯膨胀能 试验仪器 能量原理 突出机理 

分 类 号：TD713[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]