战争与法国大革命的起源与推进——一个跨国史的视角  

War as an Origin and a Motive Power of the French Revolution:A Transnational Historical Perspective

作　　者：周立红[1] 马继红 

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史学系,广东广州510275

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2023年第12期48-60,共13页History Teaching

基　　金：2023年度中山大学教学质量与教学改革工程类项目(项目编号:11200-12220011)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：近年来,国内外学界兴起了从全球史或跨国史角度审视法国大革命的学术浪潮,战争与法国大革命的关系尤其适合用跨国史的视域进行解读,但国内学界的相关研究仍较薄弱。本文运用跨国史的视角,吸收国际学界最新研究成果,从革命爆发的背景、革命战争爆发的动因、革命战争与姐妹共和国的关系、拿破仑战争的性质和目的四个方面系统阐释了战争与革命的关系。本文尤其强调18世纪后期大西洋两岸革命战争对革命思想的跨国流通和革命者的跨国社会网络形成的影响,重审了革命战争爆发的地缘政治因素,用交流和互惠视角考察了革命法国与姐妹共和国的关系,并认为拿破仑战争的爆发与延续是拿破仑与其所处时代的国内外政治格局相互影响的结果。In recent years,there has been a growing interest in studying the French Revolution from a global or transnational perspective among domestic and international academic circles.The French Revolution's relationship with the war especially should be viewed from a transnational historical perspective.However,the domestic academic community still lacks relevant research.This paper offers a systematic explanation of the relationship between the war and the Revolution from four perspectives,drawing upon the latest research from the international academic community and adopting a transnational historical perspective.This article focuses on the impact of the Revolutionary Wars of the late eighteenth century on both sides of the Atlantic,and on the way that they affected the transnational circulation of revolutionary ideas,as well as on the formation of transnational social networks of revolutionaries.The article revisits the geopolitical factors that led to the outbreak of the Revolutionary Wars,examines the relationship between Revolutionary France and its sister republics in terms of exchange and reciprocity,and argues that the Napoleonic Wars were a result of the interaction between Napoleon and the domestic and foreign political landscapes of his time.

关 键 词：跨国史 战争 法国大革命 地缘政治 拿破仑 

分 类 号：K565[历史地理—历史学]