高水平男性运动员执行不同下落高度跳深任务后单侧下肢运动表现研究  

Study on the Athletic Performance of Single Lower Extremity of High-level Male Athletes after Performing Drop Jump Tasks of Different Falling Heights

作　　者：刘冬雪 奚瑞 周喆啸 Liu Dongxue;Xi Rui;Zhou Zhexiao(Faculty of Sports Science,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;Mingru School of Chuzhou City,Chuzhou 23900,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学体育学院,宁波315211 [2]滁州名儒学校,滁州239000

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2023年第10期792-801,共10页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：宁波大学教学改革研究重点项目(JYXMXZD2023010)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨单侧下肢跳深动作的最佳下落高度参数,为解决运动员下肢双侧不平衡问题、教练员精准有效制定单侧跳深训练计划提供参考。方法:招募12名男性一级运动员作为受试者,5名田径短跑运动员、7名篮球运动员,年龄20.41±1.11岁,身高189.19±9.15 cm,体重83.50±12.08 kg。利用纵跳台,对受试者下肢优势侧、非优势侧的最佳下蹲跳高度进行测试,进而确定本研究所涉及的三个跳深下落高度:低高度(“中高度”减5 cm)、中高度(50%单侧最佳下蹲跳高度)、高高度(“中高度”加5 cm)。利用Vicon红外捕捉系统(200 Hz)、Delsys便携式无线遥测肌电测试系统和Kistler三维测力台(1000 Hz)同步采集受试者在三个高度下的跳深运动表现参数,包括缓冲时间、下肢刚度、峰值垂直地面反作用力(vGRFpeak)、力量发展速率(RFD)、功率及表面肌电信号均方根(RMS)共计6个指标。结果:(1)中高度下,优势腿或非优势腿在缓冲时间、下肢刚度、vGRFpeak、RFD、功率及RMS指标测试结果均显著优于另外两个高度(P<0.05);非优势腿在中高度下的下肢刚度测试结果显著差于优势腿(P<0.05)。(2)高高度下,优势腿在缓冲时间、vGRFpeak及RMS指标测试结果显著优于低高度(P<0.05);非优势腿在高高度下的缓冲时间、下肢刚度、v GRFpeak、RFD、功率及RMS指标测试结果显著差于优势腿(P<0.05)。结论:教练员或运动员可选择本研究所设计的中等下落高度(50%单侧最佳下蹲跳高度),安排单侧下肢跳深训练,最大程度优化下肢优势侧或非优势侧的运动表现。此外,伴随下落高度的增加,运动员双侧下肢运动表现差距趋于明显(尤其在高高度下),因此应在训练中着重加强非优势侧的离心收缩能力与稳定性,避免双侧失衡。Objective To explore the optimal falling height parameters for single-leg drop jump,so as toaddress the bilateral imbalance in the lower limbs of athletes and provide a reference for coaches to design training plans accurately and effectively.Methods Twelve first-grade male athletes were re-cruited for the study,including five track and field sprinters and seven basketball players(age:20.41±1.11 years,height:189.19±9.15 cm,weight:83.50±12.08 kg).The vertical jump platform was used to test the optimal counter-movement jump(CMJ)height for the dominant and non-dominant sides of the subject's lower extremities,and to determine the three falling heights of the low height(medium height minus 5 cm),medium height(50%of the optimal unilateral lower-limb CMJ height)and high height(medium height plus 5 cm).Six parameters of the drop jump performance,including buffer time,leg stffness,peak vertical ground reaction force(vGRFpeak),the rate of force development(RFD),power,root mean square(RMS)of surface electromyogram signals were collected synchronously using the Vicon Motion Capture System(200 Hz),Delsys portable wireless telemetry EMG test system and Kistler three-dimensional force platform(1000 Hz).Results(1)At the medium height,the average buffer time,leg stiffness,vGRFpeak,RFD,RMS and power of either leg were significantly better than at the other two heights(P<0.05),and the leg stiffness of the non-dominant leg was significantly inferior to the dominant leg(P<0.05).(2)At the high height,the average buffer time,vGRF_(peak) and RMS of the dominant leg were significantly better than at low height(P0.05),while the average buffer time,leg stiffness,vGRF_(peak),RFD,power and RMS of the non-dominant legs were significantly worse than the dominant legs(P<0.05).Conclusion Coaches or athletes can choose the medium height(50%optimal unilateral lower-limb CMJ height)designed in this study and schedule unilateral lower limb drop jump training to optimize the athletic performance of the dominant or non-dominant legs to the greates

关 键 词：跳深 下落高度 单侧下肢 运动表现 

分 类 号：G823[文化科学—体育训练]