远海风电DRU-HVDC送出系统构网控制与启动方法综述  

Review on Grid-forming Control and Start-up Method of Diode-rectifier-unit Based HVDC Transmission System for Remote Offshore Wind Farm

作　　者：俞露杰 付子玉 朱介北 李瑞[2] 彭国平 赵成勇 YU Lujie;FU Ziyu;ZHU Jiebei;LI Rui;PENG Guoping;ZHAO Chengyong(Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Ministry of Education(Tianjin University),Tianjin 300072,China;School of Electrical Engineering and Automation,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;Guangdong Unlimited Power Co.,Ltd.,Zhongshan 528437,China;State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources(North China Electric Power University),Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]智能电网教育部重点实验室(天津大学),天津市300072 [2]哈尔滨工业大学电气工程及自动化学院,黑龙江省哈尔滨市150001 [3]广东安朴电力技术有限公司,广东省中山市528437 [4]新能源电力系统国家重点实验室(华北电力大学),北京市102206

出　　处：《电力系统自动化》2023年第24期63-79,共17页Automation of Electric Power Systems

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52207132)。

摘　　要：随着海上风电开发的不断规模化和远海化,海上风电直流送出技术成为研究热点。针对低成本的二极管整流单元(DRU)型高压直流(HVDC)输电,重点指出了分布式DRU在均压、部分退出运行等方面的主要技术特点,论述了该技术与柔性直流送出、传统直流输电的差异。由于DRU的不可控性,海上电网的构建须由风电机组通过自身控制实现。因此,对现有研究的风电机组集中式和分散式构网控制进行详细综述,并对全构网型控制采用P-V和Q-f功率控制机理进行风电场-DRU层面以及风电机组层面的梳理解释。针对DRU单向潮流引起的启动问题,综述了辅助中压交流脐带电缆、辅助模块化多电平换流器、海上风电机组配置储能以及辅助低压直流电缆等启动方法,指出利用辅助中压交流脐带电缆是相对成熟的方案,而利用海上风电机组储能和全构网型控制具有较高的灵活性,但现有技术下仍面临风电机组塔筒内部安装空间不足、储能安全隐患等问题。最后,对海上风电经DRU-HVDC送出系统未来值得深入探索的研究方向进行了展望。With the continuous large-scale and remote offshore development of offshore wind power, DC transmission technology of offshore wind power has become a research hotspot. Aiming at the low-cost diode-rectifier-unit (DRU) based high-voltage DC (HVDC) transmission, the main technical characteristics of distributed DRUs in voltage equalization and partial exit operation are emphasized, and the differences between this technology and flexible DC transmission and traditional DC transmission are discussed. Due to the uncontrollability of DRU, the construction of offshore power grid must be realized by the wind turbines through their own control. Therefore, the existing researches on centralized and decentralized grid-forming control of wind turbines are reviewed in detail, and P-V and Q-f power control mechanisms are adopted to explain the fully-grid-forming control from the wind farm-DRU level and wind turbine level. In view of the start-up problems caused by DRU unidirectional power flow, the start-up methods including auxiliary medium-voltage AC umbilical cable, auxiliary modular multilevel converter, energy storage configuration for offshore wind turbines and auxiliary low-voltage DC cable are summarized. It is pointed out that adopting the auxiliary medium-voltage AC umbilical cable is a relatively mature scheme, and the use of energy storage for offshore wind turbines and fully-grid-forming control has high flexibility. However, under the existing technology, there are still problems such as insufficient installation space inside the wind turbine tower barrel and energy storage safety risk. Finally, the future research directions of offshore wind power transmission system via DRU-HVDC are prospected.

关 键 词：海上风电 高压直流输电 风电机组 构网控制 启动方法 

分 类 号：TM721.1[电气工程—电力系统及自动化] TM614