执行功能预测手机分心情境下的驾驶警觉反应时和脑电分析  

The Executive Function Predict Reaction Time and EEG of Driving Vigilance in Mobile Phone Distraction Context

作　　者：沈卓 单立新 李晔 卢扬 梁超 张艺竞 SHEN Zhuo;SHAN Li-xin;LI Ye;LU Yang;LIANG Chao;ZHANG Yi-jing(Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116000,China;Dalian Jiaotong University Technical College,Dalian 116024,China;Liaoning Police College,Dalian 116036,China;Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310028,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学,辽宁大连116000 [2]大连交通技师学院(大连市交通口岸职业技术学校),辽宁大连116024 [3]辽宁警察学院,辽宁大连116036 [4]浙江大学,杭州310028

出　　处：《人类工效学》2023年第6期29-39,共11页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

基　　金：辽宁省社科基金重点项目:新时代社会治理视域下,重大交通安全事故有效预防研究(L20AKS002)。

摘　　要：目的本研究探究手机分心情境下执行功能对驾驶员警觉的影响。方法以60名新手驾驶员为研究对象,采用成人版执行功能行为评定量表(Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version,BRIEF-A)测量驾驶员执行功能发展水平。首先,通过分层线性模型分析探索了年龄、性别、执行功能和驾驶警觉任务阶段对驾驶警觉反应时的影响。然后,分别以驾驶员执行功能总分、抑制功能得分、工作记忆得分和转换功能得分(高、低分组)为被试间变量,以驾驶警觉任务的六个阶段为被试内变量,以驾驶员脑电β(beta)波和α(alpha)波功率值为因变量,进行重复测量方差分析。结果在特定阶段驾驶员执行功能可以显著预测驾驶警觉反应时,执行功能较弱的驾驶员警觉反应时更长,驾驶安全性更低,女性驾驶员比男性驾驶员警觉反应时绩效更好。执行功能、抑制功能、工作记忆和转换功能弱的驾驶员在所有六个驾驶警觉任务阶段的脑电β波和波均比高分组驾驶员更加活跃,驾驶安全性更低。并且,抑制功能、工作记忆和转换功能在不同驾驶警觉任务阶段对驾驶员脑电波影响具有差异。结论执行功能可以有效预测手机分心情境下的驾驶警觉反应时和脑电指标。Objective This study explored the effect of the executive function on driving vigilance in the context of mobile phone distraction.Methods Sixty novice drivers were selected as the participants,the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version(BRIEF-A)was used to measure the development of drivers'executive function.First,the effects of age,gender,executive function,and driver vigilance task stages on driver vigilance reaction time were explored by hierarchical linear model analysis.Then,repeated measures analysis of variance were performed,taking the total score of the executive function,the scores of inhibition,working memory and shifting(groups divided by high and low)as the between-subjects variables,the 6 stages of the driving vigilance task as the within-subjects variable,and the power of EEGβ(beta)wave and(alpha)wave as the dependent variables.Results driver's executive function significantly predict the driver's vigilance reaction time in specific stages,drivers with weaker executive function have longer vigilance reaction time and worse driving safety,and female drivers have better performance in vigilance reaction time than male drivers.Drivers with weak executive function,inhibition,working memory,and shifting showed more active EEGβand waves in all six stages of the driving vigilance task than high-scoring drivers,leading to less driving safety.In addition,inhibition,working memory and shifting respectively affected the changes of the driver's brainwaves in different stages of the driving vigilance task.Conclusion The executive function could effectively predict reaction time and EEG of driving vigilance in mobile phone distraction context.

关 键 词：交通安全工程 人机交互 不良驾驶行为 手机分心 执行功能 驾驶警觉 反应时 脑电 工作记忆 

分 类 号：TB18[一般工业技术]