配合饲料糖脂比对中华绒螯蟹生长、体组成和性腺发育的影响  

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate to Lipid Ratio on Growth Performance,Body Composition and Gonadal Development of Chinese Mitten Crab

作　　者：刘东 郭腾飞 贠彪 解绶启 钱雪桥 LIU Dong;GUO Tengfei;YUN Biao;XIE Shouqi;QIAN Xueqiao(Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Center of Guangdong Haida Group Co.,Ltd.,Guangdong Guangzhou 511400,China;Key Laboratory of Microecological Resources and Utilization in Breeding Industry,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangdong Guangzhou 511400,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海大集团股份有限公司畜牧水产研究中心,广东广州511400 [2]农业农村部微生态资源养殖利用重点实验室,广东广州511400

出　　处：《饲料工业》2024年第4期69-75,共7页Feed Industry

基　　金：2020年番禺区创新领军团队项目[2021-R01-4];国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项[2020YFD0900104]。

摘　　要：探究配合饲料不同糖脂比替代冰鲜鱼对中华绒螯蟹生长、体组成和性腺发育的影响。在为期6周的饲养试验中,采用5种不同糖脂比(4.09、3.00、1.93、1.40、1.05)的中华绒螯蟹配合饲料(各配合饲料分别命名为:diet 1、diet 2、diet 3、diet 4、diet 5组)替代冰鲜鱼,观察不同糖脂比下的配合饲料对中华绒螯蟹[初始平均体重(98.36±8.17)g]的生长性能、体组成、性腺指数及性腺脂肪酸的营养成分等的影响。结果显示:存活率方面,冰鲜鱼组的中华绒螯蟹成活率(63%)显著低于配合饲料组(P<0.05)。增重率方面,diet 3组(糖脂比1.93)中华绒螯蟹增重率最高[(0.89±0.07)%]。体组成和性腺发育方面,diet 3组(糖脂比1.93)中华绒螯蟹的肝胰腺中总脂肪含量[(21.11±6.14)%]显著低于其他组(P<0.05),性腺中的总脂肪含量[(38.45±6.78)%]显著高于其他组(P<0.05),性腺指数[(14.67±2.35)%]显著高于除diet 4组外的其他组(P<0.05);性腺不饱和脂肪酸含量方面,各处理组中华绒螯蟹性腺中的花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸等脂肪酸含量存在差异,其中diet 3组(糖脂比1.93)的花生四烯酸含量显著高于其他组、二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸含量显著高于除diet 4组以外的其他组(P<0.05)。在中华绒螯蟹初始平均体重为(98.36±8.17)g,饲养6周的试验条件下,相比冰鲜鱼组,配合饲料diet 3组(糖脂比1.93)中华绒螯蟹具有更高的存活率、增重率及性腺指数。配合饲料性腺指数的提高可能与配方中更适宜的糖脂比有关,这为营养物质从肝脏中积累进而转移到性腺中提供了物质基础和能量基础。This study was designed to explore the effects of replacing chilled fish with compound feed on the growth,body composition and gonadal development of Chinese mitten crabs.In this study,we de-signed 5 kinds of compound feed with different carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio,namely diet 1,diet 2,diet 3,diet 4 and diet five(the carbohydrate-to-lipid ra-tio of these compound feed were 4.09,3.00,1.93,1.40,1.05 respectively).After six weeks feeding with these five kinds of different compound feed and chilled fish,we compared the growth perfor-mance,body composition,gonadal index and the gonadal fatty acids in Chinese mitten crabs[initial weight:(98.36±8.17)g].Our results showed that the survival rate of Chinese mitten crabs in the chilled fish group was significantly lower(63%)than that of other compound feed group(P<0.05).The weight gain rate was the highest(0.89±0.07)%in diet 3 group(carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio,1.93).As for body composition and gonadal development,the total fat content in hepatopancreas tissue of diet 3 group(21.11±6.14)%was significantly lower than that of other groups(P<0.05).However,the total fat content in gonadal tissue of diet 3 group(38.45±6.78)%was the highest(P<0.05).And the gonadal index(14.67±2.35)%of this group was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05).As for unsaturated fat acids in gonads,the content of arachidonic acid,eicosap-entaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were significantly different between groups,among which diet 3 group had the highest content of unsaturated fat acids in gonads than other groups(P<0.05).Chinese mit-ten crabs[initial weight(98.36±8.17)g]fed with diet 3(carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio,1.93)had higher sur-vival rate,weight gain rate and gonadal index after six weeks of feeding under experimental conditions,when compared with the chilled fish feed.The increase of gonadal index might be related to the more ap-propriate carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio in the recipe,which could provide material and energy basis for the accumulation of nutrients in the liv

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 糖脂比 生长性能 性腺指数 脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S816.32[农业科学—饲料科学]