海水虾池弧菌生态归趋特征与调控策略  

The Regulation Strategy on Vibrio Proliferation in Seawater Shrimp Pond According to Its Ecological Fate Characteristics

作　　者：席峰[1] 宋娜杰 钟幼平[1] XI Feng;SONG Najie;ZHONG Youping(Fisherise College&Key Laboratory of Healthy Manculture for East China Sea of Ministry Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China;Raykol Group Corp.Ltd.,Xiamen 361001,China)

机构地区：[1]集美大学水产学院,农业农村部东海海水健康养殖重点实验室,福建厦门361021 [2]睿科集团(厦门)股份有限公司,福建厦门361001

出　　处：《集美大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第6期491-502,共12页Journal of Jimei University：Natural Science

基　　金：厦门市产学研补助项目(2023CXY0306);福建省科技引导性项目(2020N0014)。

摘　　要：弧菌(Vibrio spp.)为水产养殖危害极大的常见优势致病菌,其生态调控势在必行。综合弧菌生态研究进展,分析硫代硫酸钠-柠檬酸盐-胆盐-蔗糖琼脂(TCBS)生态模型,发现弧菌生态归趋特征为嗜盐、嗜铁、较低碳氮比(5~10)、较低表面张力和中性至弱碱性环境与环境骤变。据此,虾池弧菌生态调控,在于缓解对虾环境应激,同时培育弧菌的营养竞争者,压缩病原弧菌生态位,塑造有利于对虾生长的生态环境。其调控策略包括:1)短效策略——通过添加小分子有机酸或能发酵为小分子有机酸的有机碳源,提高C/N,促进异养益生菌而抑制弧菌增殖;2)中效策略——构建有益微藻、异养益生菌、硝化细菌和光合细菌等共同主导的生物絮团微生态系统;3)长效策略——构建挺水性盐生植物、有益微藻、鞭毛虫和纤毛虫、异养益生菌、硝化细菌和光合细菌等共同主导的生态系统。在对虾发病情况下,虾池弧菌速效逆转策略为:先行速效无残留消毒,再行短效有机酸C/N调控,最后相继进行中、长效调控。The pathogen Vibrio spp.predominates in aquaculture systems,causing significant losses annually.Effective control of Vibrio is crucial.Through a comprehensive analysis of the thiosulphate-citrate-bile salt sucrose(TCBS)microecological model for Vibrio,it is observed that Vibrio thrives in environments with high Na+and Fe,low C/N(5~10),low surface tension,neutral to weakly alkaline pH,and sudden environmental stress.The ecological regulation strategy involves reducing environmental stress,fostering nutrition competitors to outcompete Vibrio,and creating a suitable ecological environment for shrimp development.Microecological control is implemented through three approaches:1)Short-term control involves increasing the C/N by supplementing organic carbon sources that decompose into low-molecular-weight organic acids,promoting the proliferation of heterotrophic probiotic biofloc(BF);2)Medium-term control focuses on structuring BF communities with beneficial microalgae,probiotics such as bacillus,lactobacillus,nitrifying bacteria,and photosynthetic bacteria;3)Long-term control focuses on structuring the ecosystem with emerging halophytes,beneficial microalgae,flagellates,ciliates,and dominant probiotics.In the case of vibriosis,the control strategy includes a short-term,non-residue disinfection prior to C/N regulation,followed by medium and long-term regulation.

关 键 词：弧菌 海水虾池 生态归趋 调控策略 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]