TLR7和TLR8在家畜性控技术中的研究进展  

Research Progress on TLR7 and TLR8 in Livestock Reproductive Control Technology

作　　者：王娜娜[1] 李颀菡 马媛[1] 金昊延 胡亚美 马云 张令锴 WANG Nana;LI Qihan;MA Yuan;JIN Haoyan;HU Yamei;MA Yun;ZHANG Lingkai(Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子与细胞育种重点实验室,银川750021

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2024年第2期427-437,共11页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：宁夏大学引进博士科研启动经费(030700002306);宁夏大学国家级大学生创新项目(030106072302);动物科学国家一流本科专业;宁夏大学奶业现代产业学院资助。

摘　　要：哺乳动物性别控制(sex control)技术在畜牧生产中有着重要的意义,在畜牧生产实践中,通过性别控制技术人类可以获得预想性别的优秀家畜后代,从而使家畜的泌乳性能、繁殖性能和生产性能发挥到最大。目前,传统的哺乳动物性别控制技术主要分为两类:受精前X/Y精子分离技术和受精后早期胚胎性别鉴定。这些方法都有各自的特点和局限性,如处理时间长、分离效率低、对精子活力和胚胎发育有损伤等,因此,这些技术有待进一步优化和完善。本文总结并分析了哺乳动物的传统性控技术,简述其各自特点及存在的问题。此外,利用激活Toll样受体7和Toll样受体8分离X/Y精子的新技术引起了广泛关注,与传统方法相比,该方法无需添加外源药物,具有高效、快速、无毒副作用等优点。尽管该技术已经成功应用于小鼠、羊、牛等动物的性别控制中,但在大规模应用上仍有一些问题需要进一步解决。本文总结了该技术的研究进展,分析了目前将该方法应用于实际生产中的可行性,并对该技术未来的发展趋势进行展望。The utilization of sex control technology in mammals plays a crucial role in the field of livestock production.By employing this technology in practical livestock farming,individuals can successfully obtain offspring of the preferred gender,consequently optimizing the lactation,reproduction,and production capabilities performance of the livestock.At present,traditional mammalian sex control techniques mainly fall into two categories:X and Y sperm separation before fertilization and early embryonic gender identification after fertilization.However,these methods have limitations including prolonged duration,limited efficiency,compromised sperm viability,and arrest of embryonic development.Consequently,these techniques need to be enhanced and refined.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the main pre-fertilization sex control methodologies used in mammals,highlighting their characteristics and current challenges.Furthermore,the novel approach of utilizing activated Toll-like receptor 7/8 to segregate X and Y sperm has garnered considerable interest.In contrast to conventional methods,this methodology obviates the need for exogenous pharmaceuticals and offers advantages such as heightened efficacy,expeditiousness,and the absence of deleterious toxicities.Despite the demonstrated success of this technology in controlling the sex of animals such as mice,sheep and cattle,further efforts are required to address specific concerns there are still some problems that need to be further solved in large-scale applications.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the research progress achieved in this field,assesses the feasibility of application in production settings,and discusses current challenges prospects the future development trend of the technology.

关 键 词：哺乳动物 性别控制 精子分离 TLR7 TLR8 

分 类 号：S814[农业科学—畜牧学]