校园餐厨垃圾初期降解生物气溶胶释放特征及健康风险研究  

Release Characteristics and Health Risks of Bioaerosol from Initial Degradation of Campus Food Waste

作　　者：刘彦君 汤倩格 王盛 李振坤 王建兵[1] LIU Yanjun;TANG Qiange;WANG Sheng;LI Zhenkun;WANG Jianbing(School of Chemical&Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《环境卫生工程》2024年第1期57-67,共11页Environmental Sanitation Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51808520);中国矿业大学(北京)大学生创新训练项目(202303031);中国矿业大学(北京)本科教育教学改革与研究项目(J230304)。

摘　　要：校园餐厨垃圾处理过程无组织释放的生物气溶胶会对校内学生和工作人员的健康构成潜在威胁。研究采用安德森六级采样器及中流量总悬浮颗粒物采样器采集了某大学餐厨垃圾暂存过程的空气样品,通过培养法和高通量测序法分析了其中的可培养和非培养生物气溶胶。结果表明,餐厨垃圾是重要的生物气溶胶释放源,生物气溶胶中真菌浓度(224.78±27.69) CFU/m^(3)大于细菌浓度(116.95±23.01) CFU/m^(3)且高于环境背景浓度,即细菌环境背景值为(32.80±3.61) CFU/m^(3)、真菌环境背景值为(54.57±17.24) CFU/m^(3)。粒径分布上,细菌气溶胶主要分布在Ⅰ级(≥7.0μm),真菌气溶胶在Ⅳ级(2.1~3.3μm)。细菌气溶胶的优势菌门主要有变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),前者气溶胶化水平较高;真菌气溶胶优势菌门主要有子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota),两者均易气溶胶化。健康风险方面,呼吸与皮肤接触的非致癌健康风险可满足美国环保署规定的最大可接受水平;但假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和镰刀菌属(Fusarium)的年感染风险和疾病负担均高于相应的基准值。The unorganized release of bioaerosols from campus food waste posed a potential threat to the health of campus students and staff.In this study,an Anderson six-stage sampler and a medium-flow total suspended particulate sampler were used to collect air samples from the temporary storage process of food waste in the campus.The culturable and non-cultureable bioaerosols were analyzed by culture techniques and high-throughput sequencing.The results showed that food waste was an important source of bioaerosol release,and the concentration of fungi(224.78±27.69)CFU/m^(3) in bioaerosol was higher than that of bacteria(116.95±23.01)CFU/m^(3) and environmental background.That is,the bacterial environmental background value was(32.80±3.61)CFU/m^(3),and the fungal environmental background value was(54.57±17.24)CFU/m^(3).In terms of particle size distribution,bacterial aerosols were mainly distributed in stage I(≥7.0μm),and fungal aerosols were in stage IV(2.1~3.3μm).The dominant phylum of bacterial aerosols mainly included Proteobacteria and Firmicutes.The former had a higher aerosolization level.The dominant phylum of fungal aerosols mainly included Ascomycota and Basidiomycetes,both of which were easily aerosolization.In terms of health risks,the non-carcinogenic health risk of both breathing and skin-contact were within the maximum acceptable level set by the US EPA.However,the annual exposure risk and disease burden of Pseudomonas and Fusarium were higher than the corresponding limits.

关 键 词：餐厨垃圾 生物气溶胶 群落结构 气溶胶化指数 健康风险 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X513