大国崛起中海权竞争的模式与策略——基于生态位视角  

Models and Strategies of Sea Power Competition during the Rise of Great Powers:From the Perspective of an Ecological Niche

作　　者：陈永 Chen Yong

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院国际问题研究所,200020

出　　处：《国际政治研究》2023年第6期131-155,M0006,共26页The Journal of International Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“中美海上安全矛盾与‘灰色地带’风险管控研究”(项目编号:19CGJ008)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：大国崛起中的海权竞争未必是零和的,可以被视为一种特殊的生态位竞争,其本质是控制和利用海洋资源。制海权是海权竞争的核心,大国为了汲取更多资源在空间和功能上拓展制海权限度。科技发展是推动海权国家拓展制海权限度的重要原因,使其积累海权竞争优势。在竞争排斥原理的驱动下,海权国家按照趋同或趋异机制进行制海权竞争。同位海权竞争和错位海权竞争是对应的基本竞争模式,不同模式下的海权竞争策略有属性差异却趋同演化,两种海权竞争模式并不互斥,崛起国和霸权国会基于海权竞争优势条件选择有利的海权竞争模式及策略组合。崛起国应采取同位竞争为基础、错位竞争为主导的海权竞争模式,并切实而灵活地优选竞争策略,以主动塑造制海权再平衡和理性汲取海洋资源。Sea power competition necessarily a zero-sum game.It can be regarded as a special ecologic competition,where great powers compete for controlling and utilizing marine resources.Command of the sea is the core of sea power competition.To draw more resources from the sea,the great powers constantly push the limit of command of the sea in terms of space and function.Scientific and technological development is an important reason for sea power states expanding the limit of command of the sea to accumulate advantages in sea power competition.Driven by the principle of competitive exclusion,sea powers compete for command of the sea following either the convergent ordivergent mechanism.These two mechanismscorrespondtotwobasic competitivemodels,respectively-"same niche"sea power competition and"stagger niche"sea power competition.The two models are not exclusive;the rising power and hegemonic power will choose models and adopt strategies based on their advantageous conditions.

关 键 词：国际政治理论 海权竞争 生态位 海权国家 错位竞争 轴带体系 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系] P7[政治法律—政治学]