高脂肪饮食对益生菌缓解大鼠过敏性炎症作用的影响及意义  

The effect and significance of high-fat diet on probiotics in alleviating allergic inflammation in rats

作　　者：宋佳平 李川 衣薪燕 文姝[1] SONG Jiaping;LI Chuan;YI Xinyan;WEN Shu(Department of Microecology,Dalian Medical University,Dalian,Liaoning 116044,China;Clinical Laboratory,the Third People's Hospital of Dalian,Dalian,Liaoning 116000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]大连医科大学微生态学教研室,辽宁大连116044 [2]大连市第三人民医院检验科,辽宁大连116044

出　　处：《中国微生态学杂志》2023年第11期1265-1271,共7页Chinese Journal of Microecology

摘　　要：目的探究高脂肪饮食对过敏性炎症的发生以及对益生菌缓解大鼠过敏性炎症效果的影响及其机制。方法将3周离乳期雄性Wistar大鼠(57 g±9 g)随机分为5组(8只/组):对照组、正常饮食模型组、正常饮食治疗组、高脂肪饮食模型组及高脂肪饮食治疗组。基于正常饮食和高脂肪饮食分别建立大鼠过敏性炎症模型,应用益生菌对不同饮食的模型组大鼠进行干预,观察应用益生菌治疗后各组大鼠的过敏体征、炎症细胞及免疫平衡的变化,同时应用变性凝胶梯度电泳对各组大鼠的肠道菌群进行初步分析。结果相较于正常饮食模型组,高脂肪饮食模型组大鼠过敏体征加重,血中炎症细胞水平增高,Th1/Th2失衡显著(t=-8.563,P=0.005),肠道菌群多样性显著降低。益生菌能缓解过敏性炎症大鼠的过敏体征,使炎症细胞浸润减轻,明显纠正血和鼻灌洗液中Th1/Th2失衡(t=3.778、10.451,P=0.027、0.001),恢复肠道菌群多样性。而在益生菌缓解过敏性炎症时伴有高脂肪饮食能阻碍过敏体征的缓解,加重炎症细胞的浸润,延缓了益生菌对血清中Th1/Th2的纠偏作用(t=-10.157,P=0.001),阻碍了益生菌对肠道菌群多样性的恢复,聚类和主成分分析中未与模型组区分开。结论高脂肪饮食能加重模型组大鼠的过敏性炎症,阻碍益生菌对过敏性炎症的调节作用,而这种影响可能是通过Th1/Th2免疫平衡的失衡以及降低肠道菌群的多样性来实现的。Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of high-fat diet in the occurrence of allergic inflammation (AI) and the effect of probiotics for alleviating AI in rats. Methods Three-week weaned male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8), including control group, normal diet model group, normal diet treatment group, high-fat diet model group and high-fat diet treatment group. Based on normal diet and high-fat diet, rat allergic inflammation models were established;probiotics were used to intervene in the rats with different diets, the changes in allergic signs, inflammatory cells and immune balance of rats in each group were observed after probiotic treatment, and the gut microbiota in each group were preliminarily analyzed using denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis. Results Compared with the normal diet model group, the allergic signs aggravated in the high-fat diet model group, the level of inflammatory cells in the blood increased, with significantly unbalanced Th1/Th2 (t = −8.563, P = 0.005) and significantly reduced diversity of gut microbiota. Probiotics alleviated the allergic signs of AI rats, reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells, significantly corrected the imbalance of Th1/Th2 in blood and nasal lavage fluid (t = 3.778, P = 0.027;t = 10.451, P = 0.001), and restored the diversity of gut microbiota. However, when using probiotics to relieve AI, high-fat diet could hinder the alleviation of allergic signs, aggravate the infiltration of inflammatory cells, delay the correction of Th1/Th2 in serum (t = −10.157, P = 0.001), and could not promote the recovery of gut microbiota diversity, and showed results undistinguished from the model groups in clustering and principal component analysis. Conclusion High-fat diet can aggravate the allergic inflammation of the model rats, and hinder the regulatory effect of probiotics on allergic inflammation. This effect may be achieved by affecting the imbalance of Th1/Th2 and reducing the diversity of gut microbiota.

关 键 词：过敏性炎症 高脂肪饮食 益生菌 免疫机制 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：R372[医药卫生—病原生物学]