《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2022)中高氯酸盐指标及限值的制定思路  

The formulation of perchlorate limits in GB 5749-2022“Drinking Water Sanitation Standard”

作　　者：陈文秀 安伟[1] 杨敏[1,2] CHEN Wenxiu;AN Wei;YANG Min(Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2023年第11期3468-3473,共6页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2018ZX07502001);国家自然科学基金资助项目(21976205,11931001)。

摘　　要：高氯酸盐干扰人体甲状腺对碘的吸收,扰乱甲状腺激素水平,导致甲状腺体积增大、增生、功能减退等健康问题,引起国内外专家的关注。美国、加拿大等国已开始对饮用水高氯酸盐浓度进行限定。我国是高氯酸盐生产和消耗大国,水源地普遍检出且局部存在高浓度污染,然而却缺乏饮用水高氯酸盐暴露的人群风险评估和相应的安全基准值。基于“十一五”和“十二五”期间全国重点城市饮用水水质监测数据,评估了我国水环境中高氯酸盐的污染状况和暴露风险,发现我国水厂出水高氯酸盐浓度超过安全阈值的发生概率为2.18×10^(-4)。根据敏感人群无有害可见作用水平,结合我国人群饮用水途径高氯酸盐暴露的贡献率,计算并推荐我国饮用水高氯酸盐安全基准浓度为70μg·L^(-1),该研究结果为我国饮用水高氯酸盐标准制定提供支撑。Perchlorate interferes with the absorption of iodine by the human thyroid,disrupts the level of thyroid hormone,and leads to health problems such as thyroid hypertrophy、hyperplasia and hypothyroidism,which has attracted the attention of experts at home and abroad.The United States,Canada and other countries had begun to limit the concentration of perchlorate in drinking water.China produces and consumes a lot of perchlorate,and high concentrations of pollution are commonly detected in water sources.However,there is a lack of risk assessment and corresponding safety benchmark for people exposed to perchlorate in drinking water.Based on during the period of"11th five-year plan"and the"12th five-year plan"national key urban drinking water quality monitoring data,evaluated the perchlorate pollution condition of water environment and the risk of exposure.The results show that the occurrence probability of perchlorate concentration exceeding the safety threshold is 2.18×10^(-4).According to the level of no harmful visible effects in sensitive population,combined with the contribution rate of perchlorate exposure in drinking water route of Chinese population,the safe baseline concentration of perchlorate in drinking water is calculated and recommended to be 70μg·L^(-1),The results of this study provide support for the formulation of perchlorate standards for drinking water in China.

关 键 词：高氯酸盐 饮用水安全 暴露风险 水质基准 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]