体细胞杂交在蔬菜作物上的研究与前景  

Studies and Prospects for Somatic Hybridization in Vegetable Crops

作　　者：杨东旭 刘玉梅[1] 韩风庆 张硕[1] 杨琳[1] 李占省[1] YANG Dongxu;LIU Yumei;HAN Fengqing;ZHANG Shuo;YANG Lin;LI Zhansheng(Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding,Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,蔬菜生物育种全国重点实验室,农业农村部园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2024年第2期19-31,共13页China Vegetables

基　　金：国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系项目(CARS-23-A05);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(ASTIP);国家自然科学基金面上项目(32172580)。

摘　　要：体细胞杂交是一种将植物不同种、属,甚至科间的原生质体诱导融合,然后离体培养获得再生植株的技术。原生质体融合能克服传统育种的杂交生理障碍问题,实现不同材料间核质基因的重组,传递优异基因,创制并获得含目标性状的新种质,拓宽育种材料的遗传背景,同时能快速创制雄性不育材料,极大地缩短育种年限,是作物进行突破育种的有效手段和强大的性状改良工具。本文对该技术在蔬菜上的发展历程、研究和应用领域进行综述,重点总结了十字花科、茄科、伞形科蔬菜作物原生质体分离再生和体细胞杂交的研究进展,展望了体细胞杂交技术在蔬菜作物中的应用前景,讨论了该技术在应用过程中面临的问题与对策,为体细胞杂交在蔬菜上的广泛应用提供参考。Somatic hybridization is a technique,which can induce fusion of plant protoplasts from different species,genera or even families and then obtain regenerated plants by culture in vitro.As an effective technology,protoplast fusion can overcome the physiological barriers to hybridization in traditional breeding,realize the recombination of nucleoplasmic genes between different materials,and transfer excellent genes,create and obtain new germplasm containing target characters.At the same time,it can rapidly create male sterile materials,and greatly shorten the breeding cycle.It is an effective means of crop breakthough breeding,and also a powerful tool for character improvement.The paper reviewed the development history,research and application areas of this technology on vegetables;summarized emphatically the research progress of protoplast separation regeneration and somatic cell hybridization in vegetable crops of Cruciferae,Solanaceae,and Apiaceae;looked forward the application prospect of somatic cell hybridization technology in vegetable crops;and discussed the problems and countermeasures in application of this technology,so as to provide reference for the wide application of somatic cell hybridization in vegetables.

关 键 词：体细胞杂交 原生质体分离 原生质体再生 原生质体融合 杂种鉴定 

分 类 号：S63[农业科学—蔬菜学]