学术自由理念的反思与重建——基于康德自由学说的思考  

Reflection and Reconstruction of the Idea of Academic Freedom:Deep Thinking based on Kant's Theory of Freedom

作　　者：霍少波 许少玲 Huo Shao bo;Xu Shao ling

机构地区：[1]湖南大学教育科学研究院,长沙410082 [2]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100091

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2024年第1期41-49,共9页University Education Science

基　　金：“中央高校基本科研业务费”资助项目“中国大学学科观念演进的哲学基础与实践逻辑研究”(521118010203)。

摘　　要：当前人们关于学术自由历史、含义、案例等方面的论述,基本上把学术自由视作一个由他者给予的行动空间:它是外界给予的,是在与他者斗争中争取出来的,过分强调对外部干预的排斥或对外部资源的依赖而忽视对自身的要求;学术自由被描述为一个相对独立的行动空间,无关道德,所有学术行为都将得到学术自由的辩护,从而可能滑向对学术自由的滥用。这些都要求走出“薄的自由理论”,以更厚重的自由学说为学术自由奠基。康德哲学以人的自由为核心关切,分析康德自由学说能够让我们看到一个别样的自由图景:一种出于自身理性的庄严承诺。自由具有先验性、法则性和义务性,基于康德自由学说,学术自由从根本上意味着一个道德原则,它预设着正直、胜任与谦虚,表现为学术勇气、学术担当和学术宽容。The current discussion on the history,meaning,and cases of academic freedom regards academic freedom as a space for action given by others.It is given by the outside world and fought for in the struggle with others.It overemphasizes the rejection of external intervention or dependence on external resources and ignores the requirements of itself.Academic freedom is a relatively independent action space,regardless of morality.Academic freedom defends all academic behaviors,which may lead to the abuse of academic freedom.All these require moving away from the thin theory of freedom and laying the foundation for academic freedom with a thicker theory of freedom.Kant's philosophy takes human freedom as its core concern.By analyzing Kant's theory of freedom,we can see a different picture of freedom:a solemn commitment out of its reason.Freedom has priori,law and obligation.Based on Kant's theory of freedom,academic freedom fundamentally means a moral principle that presupposes integrity,competence and modesty,manifested as academic courage,responsibility,and tolerance.

关 键 词：学术自由 康德自由学说 学术勇气 学术担当 学术宽容 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]