农村籍大学生返乡创业意愿的驱动路径——基于复杂适应系统理论的fsQCA组态探索  

The Driving Path for Rural University Students’Willingness to Return to Their Hometowns for Entrepreneurship:fsQCA Configuration Analysis based on Complex Adaptive System Theory

作　　者：蔺海沣 左谢兴 刘碧华 Lin Hai feng;Zuo Xie xing;Liu Bi hua

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学乡村教育研究中心,长沙410081 [2]湖南师范大学文学院

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2024年第1期66-76,共11页University Education Science

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金青年项目“湖南省青年返乡创业失败的数字化复原机理及效应监测研究”(2022JJ40284)。

摘　　要：借鉴复杂适应系统理论和模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法,以H省8所高校为样本,探索社会资本(认知资本/结构资本/关系资本)、地方依恋(地方依赖/地方认同)和亲社会动机等多重前因条件的交互效应以及前因组态对农村籍大学生返乡创业意愿的系统影响发现:上述6个前因变量均不足以独立成为驱动返乡创业意愿的必要条件;返乡创业意愿的驱动是多个前因条件协同交互的结果;农村籍大学生高返乡创业意愿的驱动组态包括“地域忠诚”驱动型、“人地关怀”加持型等2类;结构资本、关系资本、亲社会动机、地方依恋是导致低返乡创业意愿的关键因素。对此,建议重视元资本(即政府力量)对返乡创业的包容性规范、制度性信任和延伸性网络的协同建设,加强社会资本与地方依恋、亲社会动机的适配性联结,并突出基于“乡村性”的农村籍大学生亲社会动机的培养和激发。Drawing on the complex adaptive systems theory and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)method and taking eight universities in H province as a sample,this research explores the interaction of multiple antecedent conditions such as social capital(cognitive capital/structural capital/relational capital),place attachment(place dependence/place identity)and prosocial motivation,and the systematic impact of antecedent configurations on university students'willingness to return hometown for entrepreneurship.The findings show that the above six antecedent variables are not enough to independently become necessary to drive the intention to return to their hometowns for entrepreneurship.The driving configuration of the high willingness of rural university students to return to their hometowns for entrepreneurship includes two types:rural regional loyalty driving type and human land care supporting type.In addition,structural capital,relational capital,prosocial motivation,and local attachment are key factors that lead to low levels of willingness to return to their hometown for entrepreneurship.In this regard,it is suggested to attach importance to the coordinated construction of inclusive norms,institutional trust,and extensive network of meta-capital(i.e.,government power)for returning entrepreneurs,strengthen the adaptability connection between social capital and local attachment and prosocial motivation,and highlight the cultivation and stimulation of prosocial motivation of rural university students based on rural characteristics.

关 键 词：农村籍大学生 返乡创业 返乡创业意愿 模糊集定性比较分析 

分 类 号：G647.38[文化科学—高等教育学]