国内外锂产业发展现状和思考  

Present Conditions and Thinking of Chinese and Foreign Lithium Industrial Development

作　　者：曹倩 沙秋 刘人和[1] 郑元超 肖红平[1] 施亦做 Cao Qian;Sha Qiu;Liu Renhe;Zheng Yuanchao;Xiao Hongping;Shi Yizuo(PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Advanced Studies,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;PetroChina Oil,Gas&New Energies Company,Beijing 100007,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院 [2]中国地质大学高等研究院 [3]中国石油油气和新能源分公司

出　　处：《石油科技论坛》2024年第1期94-102,共9页PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FORUM

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技项目“深层卤水资源勘查评价与高效利用技术研究”(编号:2021DJ5302)。

摘　　要：锂广泛应用于核聚变、动力电池、储能设备中,是新能源和战略新兴产业的关键金属。了解锂资源开发利用现状和趋势,有助于提高国家和企业锂产业竞争力。全球可开发利用的锂矿资源总量丰富但分布不均,新能源行业快速发展带动了锂消费快速上涨和新兴提锂技术进展,地热卤水和油气田卤水等深层卤水、废弃锂电池回收或将成为“新型矿山”。中国是主要锂资源中游加工国,长期以来原料对外依存度较高,随着国外锂资源管控愈发严格,预计未来仍存在较大缺口。通过梳理资源、市场、技术和产业发展趋势,建议加强资源勘查,鼓励油气公司开展“油锂同探”;针对产业链薄弱环节和新兴提锂技术给予政策支持,加强科技攻关,探索中深层卤水提锂和废弃锂电池回收等关键技术;建立回收政策和技术标准体系,保障锂电池回收产业良性发展;加强锂矿开发项目全生命周期分析评价,保障产业可持续发展。Lithium finds wide application in nuclear fusion,power batteries and energy-storing equipment.It is the key metal for new energy and strategic emerging industries.To Understand the current conditions and trends for development and utilization of lithium resources is helpful to improve the competitiveness of the nation and enterprises in the lithium industrial area.Global lithium resources available for development and utilization is abundant but distributed unevenly.Rapid new energy industrial development stimulates lithium consumption growth and emerging lithium extraction technological progress.The deep-layer brine,such as geothermal brine and oil and gas field brine,and waste lithium batteries are likely to become the“new-type mineral resource”.China is one of the main countries for middle-stream processing of lithium resource.The nation has been highly dependent on foreign raw materials for a long period of time.As foreign countries tighten control over lithium resource,China is predicted to be short of the raw material in the future.Based on the analysis of resource,market and industrial development trend,this article suggests to step up prospecting of resource and encourage oil and gas companies for“exploration of oil and lithium at the same time”.The preferential policies should be formulated to support the weak links of the industrial chain and the emerging lithium extraction technology.It is also necessary to enhance technological research,such as the key technology to extract lithium from middle and deep layer brine and recovery of waste lithium batteries, formulate the recovery policies and the system of technological standards, ensure a healthy industrial development for recovery of lithium batteries, and strengthen analysis and evaluation on the whole service period of lithium development projects, thus maintaining a sustainable industrial development.

关 键 词：新能源 锂资源 伴生资源 油田卤水 地热卤水 锂产业 

分 类 号：P618.71[天文地球—矿床学] TQ131.11[天文地球—地质学]