《民法典》第1014条(姓名权、名称权不得非法侵害)评注  

Commentary on Article 1014 of the Civil Code(Non-unlawful Infringement of the Right to a Name)

作　　者：朱晓峰[1] ZHU Xiao-feng(Law School of Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院,北京100081

出　　处：《时代法学》2024年第1期1-11,共11页Presentday Law Science

摘　　要：《民法典》第1014条规定的姓名权、名称权不得非法侵害,是姓名权、名称权的消极防御权能,其与《民法典》第1012条、第1013条规定的姓名权、名称权的积极权能,共同构成现行法律体系下关于姓名权、名称权权能的一般规定。对于涉及姓名权、名称权消极权能的法律纠纷,在其他法律如《著作权法》《商标法》《反不正当竞争法》等没有具体规定时,应回溯到本条作为规范依据。本条在立法技术上采具体列举+概括规定的方式,既明确了应予禁止的典型侵害行为,也将那些尚不足以预先概括其事实构成的侵害行为纳入现行法调整范围,从而使制定法能够跟得上社会发展而为姓名权、名称权提供充分保护。主张本条规定的典型侵害行为及其他侵害行为的权利人负有证明责任,需要证明行为人实施了干涉、盗用和假冒等行为,若权利人不能证明或提供的证据前后矛盾等,则要承担不利后果。Article 1014 of the Civil Code,which stipulates that the right to a name shall not be unlawfully infringed upon,is the negative defensive competence of the right to a name.This article,together with the positive competence of the right to a name provided for in Articles 1012 and 1013 of the Civil Code,constitutes the general provisions on the competence of the right to a name under the current legal system.For legal disputes involving the negative competence of the right to a name,in the absence of specific provisions in other laws,such as the Copyright Law,the Trademark Law and the Anti-Unfair Competition Law,this Article shall be referred back to as the basis for regulation.This article adopts the method of specific enumeration+general provisions in the legislative technique,not only specifying the typical infringement acts to be prohibited,but also including those infringement acts which are not sufficient to summarize their factual composition in advance into the scope of adjustment of the existing law,so that the enactment of the law can keep up with the development of the society and provide sufficient protection for the right to a name.The right holders who advocate the typical infringements and other infringements stipulated in this Article bear the burden of proof,i.e.,they need to prove that the perpetrator has committed acts of interference,misappropriation and counterfeiting,etc.,and if the right holders are unable to do so,or if they provide contradictory evidence,etc.,they have to bear the unfavorable consequences.

关 键 词：《民法典》第1014条 姓名权 名称权 干涉 盗用 假冒 

分 类 号：D923.1[政治法律—民商法学]