发酵玉米芯对肉牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数及菌群的影响  

Effects of Fermented Corn Cob on Growth Performance,Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microflora of Beef Cattle

作　　者：刘依莎 张巧娥[1] 许迟 吴仙花 李涛 梁小军 LIU Yisha;ZHANG Qiaoe;XU Chi;WU Xianhua;LI Tao;LIANG Xiaojun(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Ningxia Dabeinong Science and Technology Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Yinchuan 750200,China;Institute of Animal Science,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学动物科技学院,银川750021 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [3]宁夏大北农科技实业有限公司,银川750200 [4]宁夏农林科学院动物科学研究所,银川750002

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第2期1039-1049,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2021BEF02030);国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究发酵玉米芯对肉牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数及菌群的影响。选用60头体况良好、13月龄左右、体重[(395±32)kg]相近的西门塔尔杂交牛,随机分为3组,每组20个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂不添加发酵玉米芯的全混合日粮,试验1组饲喂添加10%发酵玉米芯的全混合日粮,试验2组饲喂添加20%发酵玉米芯的全混合日粮,预试期7 d,正试期93 d。结果显示:1)试验1、2组的平均日采食量和平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)试验1、2组瘤胃液氨态氮(NH_(3)-N)浓度与对照组相比均显著升高(P<0.05),试验2组瘤胃液微生物蛋白(MCP)浓度与对照组和试验1组相比显著提高(P<0.05);各组瘤胃液pH无显著差异(P>0.05);2个试验组瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但乙酸、丙酸、戊酸摩尔百分比及乙酸/丙酸值没有显著变化(P>0.05);2个试验组瘤胃液丁酸摩尔百分比显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而异丁酸和异戊酸摩尔百分比均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)门水平上,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)为3组肉牛瘤胃菌群中的主要优势菌门。试验1、2组Bacteroidetes的相对丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验2组Firmicutes的相对丰度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。属水平上,3组的主要优势菌属均为普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)、拟杆菌目未鉴定属(unidentified Bacteroidales)。试验1、2组普雷沃氏菌科未鉴定属(unidentified Prevotellaceae)的相对丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),同时试验1组还显著高于试验2组(P<0.05);对照组Ruminococcus和甲烷短杆菌属(Methanobrevibacter)的相对丰度显著高于试验1、2组(P<0.05);试验2组的梭菌目未分类属(unclassified Clostridiales)和毛螺菌科未鉴定属(unidentified Lachnospiraceae)的相对丰度显著低于对照组和试验1组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加发酵玉米芯能够�This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fermented corn cob on growth performance,rumen fermentation parameters and microflora of beef cattle.Sixty healthy Simmental crossbred cattle with 13-months of age and similar weight[(395±32)kg]were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups,with 20 replicates per group and 1 cattle per replicate.Cattle in control group were fed the total mixed ration without fermented corn cob,cattle in test group 1 were fed the total mixed ration with 10% fermented corn cob,and cattle in test group 2 were fed the total mixed ration with 20% fermented corn cob.The adaption period lasted for 7 d,and the formal trial period lasted for 93 d.The results showed as follows:1)the average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain in the test groups 1 and 2 were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),while the feed/gain ratio in the test groups 1 and 2 was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).2)The rumen fluid ammoniacal nitrogen(NH_(3)-N)concentration in the test groups 1 and 2 was significantly increased compared with the control group(P<0.05),and the rumen fluid microbial protein(MCP)concentration in the test group 2 was significantly increased compared with the control group and test group 1(P<0.05);rumen fluid pH was not significantly different among all groups(P>0.05);the rumen fluid total volatile fatty acid(TVFA)concentration in the two test groups was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),while the molar percentages of acetate,propionate,valerate and acetate/propionate ratio in rumen fluid were not significantly different(P>0.05);the molar percentage of butyrate in rumen fluid in the two test groups was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),while the molar percentages of isobutyrate and isovalerate were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).3)At the phylum level,The main dominant phyla in the three groups were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes.The relative abundance of Bacter

关 键 词：发酵玉米芯 西门塔尔杂交牛 生长性能 瘤胃发酵参数 菌群组成 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]