不同料型对育肥期德州驴生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响  

Effects of Different Material Types on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Dezhou Donkeys in Fattening Period

作　　者：刁克强 郭翠华 李晗 张崇玉[1] 张桂国[1] DIAO Keqiang;GUO Cuihua;LI Han;ZHANG Chongyu;ZHANG Guiguo(College of Animal Science and Technology,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学动物科技学院,泰安271018

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第2期1117-1126,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系(SDAIT-27-03,SDAIT-23-05);山东省重点研发计划(2022TZXD0018)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究颗粒型全混合日粮(TMR)和散状TMR对育肥期德州驴生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选取体重[(150±2) kg]相近、年龄为8个月的健康公驴20头,随机分为2组,每组10个重复。对照组(CG组)饲喂散状TMR,试验组(EG组)饲喂颗粒型TMR,2种不同料型饲粮组成与营养水平一致,均自由采食,预试期10 d,正试期129 d。结果表明:1)EG组末重显著高于CG组(P<0.05);EG组平均日采食量极显著高于CG组(P<0.01);EG组平均日增重显著高于CG组(P<0.05);EG组增重效益显著高于CG组(P<0.05)。2)EG组和CG组宰前活重无显著差异(P>0.05),但EG组胴体重与屠宰率显著高于CG组(P<0.05),EG组屠宰效益趋于显著地高于CG组(0.05<P<0.10)。3) EG组肌肉剪切力显著小于CG组(P<0.05),EG组和CG组肌肉蒸煮损失、滴水损失和肉色均无显著差异(P>0.05)。4) EG组肌肉中粗脂肪(EE)含量显著高于CG组(P<0.05),EG组和CG组肌肉中干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、有机物(OM)和粗灰分(Ash)含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。5) EG组肌肉中组氨酸(His)和羟基脯氨酸(Hyp)含量显著高于CG组(P<0.05),EG组和CG组肌肉中必需氨基酸(EAA)、半必需氨基酸(SEAA)、非必需氨基酸(NEAA)、风味氨基酸(FAA)含量和EAA/NEAA值无显著差异(P>0.05)。EG组肌肉中辛酸(C8∶0)和反-9-十八碳烯酸(C18∶1n9t)含量显著高于CG组(P<0.05);EG组肌肉中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量显著低于CG组(P<0.05),EG组肌肉中单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量和MUFA/SFA值显著高于CG组(P<0.05),EG组肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)含量显著高于CG组(P<0.05)。由此可见,与散状TMR相比,颗粒型TMR极显著提高育肥期德州驴平均日采食量,显著提高平均日增重、屠宰率、经济效益;提高驴肉嫩度并改善驴肉的脂肪酸组成。综上所述,在规模化养殖中应用颗粒型TMR来育肥德州驴是可行且高效的。This experiment was conducted to study the effects of granular total mixed daily diet(TMR)and bulk TMR on growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of Dezhou donkeys in fattening period.Twenty healthy donkeys with similar weight[(150±2)kg]and age of 8 months were selected and randomly divided into two groups,with 10 replicates in each group.The control group(CG group)was fed scattered TMR,and the experimental group(EG group)was fed granular TMR.The composition of the two diets was consistent with composition and nutrient levels,and they were all fed ad libitum,with a pre-feeding period of 10 days and a formal period of 129 days.The results showed as follows:1)final weight in EG group was significantly higher than that in CG group(P<0.05);the average feed intake in EG group was significantly higher than that in CG group(P 0.01);the average daily gain in EG group was significantly higher than that in CG group(P<0.05);the weight gain benefit in EG group was significantly higher than that in CG group(P<0.05).2)There was no significant difference between EG group and CG group in live weight before slaughter(P>0.05),but the carcass weight and slaughter rate in EG group were significantly higher than those in CG group(P<0.05),and the slaughter benefit in EG group tended to be significantly higher than CG group(0.05<P<0.10).3)The shear force of muscle in EG group was significantly lower than that in CG group(P<0.05),and there were no significant difference in cooking loss,dripping loss and meat color between EG group and CG group(P>0.05).4)The content of crude fat(EE)of muscle in EG group was significantly higher than that in CG group(P<0.05),and there were no significant difference in the contents of dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP),organic matter(OM)and ash between EG group and CG group(P>0.05).5)The contents of His and Hyp of muscle in EG group were significantly higher than those in CG group(P<0.05);there were no significant difference in the contents of essential amino acids(EAA),semi-essential amin

关 键 词：不同料型 德州驴 生长性能 屠宰性能 肉品质 

分 类 号：S822[农业科学—畜牧学]