塔里木马鹿生茸不同阶段营养物质表观消化率及瘤胃内环境变化规律的研究  

Study on Change Rules of Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Rumen Environment of Tarim Wapiti in Different Stages of Antler Growth

作　　者：盛月云 黄建智 薛鹏飞 于东辉 古力皮叶木·阿布都克然木 钱文熙[1,2] SHENG Yueyun;HUANG Jianzhi;XUE Pengfei;YU Donghui;GULPIYEMU Abdulkaranmu;QIAN Wenxi(College of Animal Science and Technology,Tarim University,Aral 843300,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Science and Technology,Xinjiang Construction Corps,Aral 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学动物科学与技术学院,阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆建设兵团塔里木畜牧科技重点实验室,阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第2期1127-1138,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：肉用马鹿繁育及高效养殖技术集成与示范(2023AB007-02)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究塔里木马鹿生茸不同阶段营养物质表观消化率及瘤胃内环境变化规律。选择体况良好、年龄相同的雄性塔里木马鹿5只,饲养水平一致,采用单因素试验设计,分为4个生茸阶段(脱盘前期、生茸高峰期、生茸后期和锯茸后期)。每期21 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期6 d。结果表明:1)塔里木马鹿生茸高峰期的粗蛋白质(CP)表观消化率显著高于生茸后期和锯茸后期(P<0.05),生茸高峰期的有机物(OM)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)表观消化率显著高于锯茸后期(P<0.05)。2)塔里木马鹿生茸高峰期和生茸后期的瘤胃微生物蛋白(MCP)和丙酸含量显著高于脱盘前期和锯茸后期(P<0.05),生茸高峰期的瘤胃乙酸、丁酸及总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量显著高于脱盘前期、生茸后期和锯茸后期(P<0.05),生茸后期的瘤胃异丁酸含量显著低于脱盘前期和锯茸后期(P<0.05),脱盘前期和锯茸后期的瘤胃异戊酸含量显著高于生茸高峰期和生茸后期(P<0.05)。3)在门水平上,塔里木马鹿生茸不同阶段瘤胃中拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)为优势菌门;生茸高峰期的瘤胃拟杆菌门相对丰度显著高于脱盘前期(P<0.05),脱盘前期瘤胃厚壁菌门和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度显著高于生茸高峰期(P<0.05)。在属水平上,塔里木马鹿生茸不同阶段瘤胃中未注释的拟杆菌目(unidentified-Bacteroidales)、解琥珀酸菌属(Succiniclasticum)为优势菌属;生茸后期的瘤胃未注释的瘤胃球菌科(unidentified-Ruminococcaceae)相对丰度显著高于生茸高峰期(P<0.05),脱盘前期的瘤胃未注释的毛螺菌科(unidentified-Lachnospiraceae)和厌氧弧菌属(Anaerovibrio)相对丰度显著高于生茸高峰期(P<0.05)。由此可见,塔里木马鹿在生茸高峰期表现出对蛋白质的高效利用能力,瘤胃未注释的毛螺菌科、厌氧弧菌属和未注释的瘤胃球菌科是影响塔里木马鹿生茸阶段营养物质表观�This experiment was conducted to study on change rules of nutrient apparent digestibility and rumen environment of Tarim wapiti in different stages of antler growth.Five male Tarim wapiti with good body condition and the same age were selected,with the same feeding level,and a single factor experimental design was conducted,which divided into 4 antler growth stages(early stage of antler plate,peak period of antler growth,late stage of antler growth and late stage of sawing antler).Each stage lasted for 21 days,with a pre-trial period of 15 days and a trial period of 6 days.The results showed as follows:1)the crude protein(CP)apparent digestibility of Tarim wapiti in peak period of antler growth was significantly higher than that in late stage of antler growth and late stage of sawing antler(P<0.05),and the organic matter(OM)and acidic detergent fiber(ADF)apparent digestibilities in peak period of antler growth were significantly higher than those in late stage of sawing antler(P<0.05).2)The contents of microbial protein(MCP)and propionic acid in rumen of Tarim wapiti in peak period of antler growth and late stage of antler growth were significantly higher than those in early stage of antler plate and late stage of sawing antler(P<0.05),the contents of acetic acid,butyric acid and total volatile fatty acids(TVFA)in rumen in peak period of antler growth were significantly higher than those in early stage of antler plate,late stage of antler growth and late stage of sawing antler(P<0.05),the rumen isobutyric acid content in late stage of antler growth was significantly lower than that in early stage of antler plate and late stage of sawing antler(P<0.05),and the rumen isovaleric acid content in early stage of antler plate and late stage of sawing antler was significantly higher than that in peak period of antler growth and late stage of antler growth(P<0.05).3)At the phylum level,the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in rumen of Tarim wapiti in different stages of antler growth;the rumen Bacteroid

关 键 词：塔里木马鹿 生茸阶段 表观消化率 瘤胃内环境 

分 类 号：S825[农业科学—畜牧学]