不同大口黑鲈群体生长性能、肌肉营养成分、肠道形态结构及菌群组成的比较研究  

Comparative Study on Growth Performance,Muscle Nutrients,Intestinal Morphology and Structure and Microflora Composition of Different Largemouth Bass(Micropterus salmoides)Populations

作　　者：黄仁善 钟纯怡 张帝 强俊[1,2] 陶易凡 李岩 董亚伦 路思琪 徐跑[1,2] HUANG Renshan;ZHONG Chunyi;ZHANG Di;QIANG Jun;TAO Yifan;LI Yan;DONG Yalun;LU Siqi;XU Pao(Wuxi Fisheries College,Nanjing Agricultural University,Wuxi 214128,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学无锡渔业学院,无锡214128 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,农业农村部淡水渔业和种质资源利用重点实验室,无锡214081

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第2期1158-1172,共15页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：江苏省种业振兴“揭榜挂帅”项目(JBGS[2021]130);加州鲈产业重大技术协同推广计划项目(2022-ZYXT-07);苏州市科技计划项目(SNG2021009)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在比较不同大口黑鲈群体生长性能、肌肉营养成分、肠道形态结构及菌群组成的差异。试验选用4个国内主要大口黑鲈养殖群体:“优鲈3号”[YL3,(18.91±1.54)g]、“优鲈1号”[YL1,(19.54±2.23)g]、台湾群体[CTW,(18.31±1.76)g]与杂交群体(HYB,地方选育种♀×北方亚种♂,(18.80±1.72)g]各180尾,每群3个重复,每个重复60尾。养殖120 d后,对4个大口黑鲈群体的生长性能、肌肉营养成分、肠道形态结构以及菌群组成进行比较分析。结果表明:HYB和CTW的终末体质量、增重率和特定生长率均显著高于YL1和YL3(P<0.05),且HYB的脏体比、肝体比和饲料系数最低。HYB的肥满度、后肠绒毛宽度以及肌肉中饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于其他3个群体(P<0.05)。基于16S rRNA测序对肠道菌群进行alpha多样性分析、物种差异分析和功能预测发现,大口黑鲈肠道优势菌门是厚壁菌门、变形菌门、梭杆菌门以及放线菌门,肠道鲸杆菌属显著富集于HYB;PICRUSt2功能预测表明新陈代谢、遗传信息处理以及环境信息处理等功能在HYB中的平均丰度更高;通过斯皮尔曼相关性分析发现,肠道菌群功能与后肠的绒毛高度和绒毛宽度呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。综上所述,相较于其他群体,HYB大口黑鲈生长性能提高,肌肉中各类脂肪酸积累增多,肠道形态结构也得到显著改善,肠道菌群的多样性和有益菌丰度提高。The purpose of this experiment was to compare the growth performance,muscle nutrients,intestinal morphology and structure and microflora composition of different largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)populations.Four major domestic largemouth bass breeding populations were selected in the experiment which were“Youlu No.3”[YL3,(18.91±1.54)g],“Youlu No.1”[YL1,(19.54±2.23)g],Taiwan population and hybrid population(HYB,local breeding species♀×northern subspecies,(18.80±1.72)g]with 180 tails in each population,3 replicates in each population and 60 tails in each replicate.After 120 days of breeding,the growth performance,muscle nutrients,intestinal morphology and structure and microflora composition of four largemouth bass populations were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the final body weight,weight gain rate and specific growth rate of HYB and CTW were significantly higher than those of YL1 and YL3(P<0.05),and HYB had the lowest viscerosomatic index,hepatosomatic index and feed conversion rate.Compared with the other three groups,the condition factor,hindgut villus width and contents of saturated fatty acid,monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid in muscle of HYB were significantly increased(P<0.05).The alpha diversity analysis,species difference analysis and function prediction of intestinal microflora based on 16S rRNA sequencing showed that Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,Fusobacteriota and Actinobacteriota were the dominant intestinal bacteria of largemouth bass at phylum level,and the intestinal Cetobacterium was significantly enriched in HYB.PICRUSt2 function prediction showed that intestinal microflora functions such as metabolism,genetic information processing and environmental information processing were more abundant in HYB,and Spearman correlation analysis found that these intestinal microflora functions were significantly positively correlated with the villus height and villus width of hindgut(P<0.05).In conclusion,compared with the other populations,the growth perf

关 键 词：大口黑鲈 不同养殖群体 生长性能 肌肉营养成分 肠道形态结构 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]