机动车尾气排放颗粒数浓度评价综述:法规发展和监测技术  

Review of Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emissions Particulate Number Concentration:Regulatory Developments and Monitoring Technologies

作　　者：吴丹 沈上圯 刘佳琪 丑佳 赵红达 赵汐 张国城 WU Dan;SHEN Shangyi;LIU Jiaqi;CHOU Jia;ZHAO Hongda;ZHAO Xi;ZHANG Guocheng(Beijing Institute of Metrology/National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Ecological&Environmental Products,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市计量检测科学研究院,国家生态环境监测治理产品质量监督检验中心,北京100029

出　　处：《计量科学与技术》2024年第1期10-17,共8页Metrology Science and Technology

基　　金：国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目(2021MK003、2023MK001);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(科技成果转移转化项目)(226Z3901G);北京市计量检测科学研究院自主课题(KJ2023-29)。

摘　　要：环境颗粒物水平对人体健康有紧密的联系,而道路交通排放是城市环境颗粒物的重要来源。随着机动车尾气排放颗粒物质量浓度接近测量下限,灵敏度更高的颗粒物测量手段及评价方法的开发亟需解决。机动车颗粒物排放在过去二十年中受到越来越多的关注,使得全球排放法规发生了许多变化,包括更严格的标准、新指标以及拓展到更广泛的非道路应用领域。这些变化产生了对能够实时测量、高灵敏度、车载仪器的新要求。而颗粒物数量浓度的测量作为评价机动车排放颗粒物污染重要的补充手段,相关法规及研究者们都在不断的探索指标的评价依据和评价方法,综述了这一指标在相关法规中的发展历程,以及针对机动车尾气排放颗粒数浓度现有的测量方法,包括当前和新发展的仪器原理及应用范围进行了综述,为机动车尾气排放颗粒数浓度测量及评价的技术发展提供参考。Environmental particulate matter levels are closely linked to human health,with road traffic emissions being a significant source of urban particulate matter.As the mass concentration of particulates in vehicle exhaust approaches the measurement lower limit,the urgent need arises to develop more sensitive methods for measuring and evaluating particulate matter.Over the past two decades,motor vehicle particulate emissions have garnered increasing attention,leading to numerous changes in global emissions regulations.These include stricter standards,new indicators,and expansion to broader off-road applications,necessitating new requirements for real-time,highly sensitive,onboard instruments.The measurement of particulate matter number concentration serves as a crucial supplementary approach to evaluating vehicle emissions pollution.This paper reviews the evolution of this metric in relevant regulations and existing methods for measuring particulate number concentration in vehicle exhaust.It provides an overview of the principles and application ranges of both current and newly developed instruments,offering insights into the technical progression of measuring and evaluating particulate number concentration in motor vehicle exhaust emissions.

关 键 词：计量学 机动车尾气排放 颗粒物 数量浓度 法规 监测设备 

分 类 号：TB99[一般工业技术—计量学]