呼伦湖流域鱼类群落结构特征及与物理生境特征关系研究  

Structure Characteristics of Fish Community and Its Relationship with Physical Habitat Characteristics in the Hulun Lake Basin

作　　者：李朝晖 单楠 王鹏伟 包萨茹 庞博 徐德琳 陈星瑶 LI Zhao-hui;SHAN Nan;WANG Peng-wei;BAO Sa-ru;PANG Bo;XU De-lin;CHEN Xing-yao(Nanjing Institute of Environment Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing 210042,China;National Environment Protection Hulun Lake Wetland Ecological Environment Scientific Observation and Research Station,Hulunbuir 021000,China;Hulunbuir Inland Lake Research Institute of Northern Cold and Arid Areas,Hulunbuir 021000,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042 [2]国家环境保护呼伦湖湿地生态环境科学观测研究站,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021000 [3]呼伦贝尔市北方寒冷干旱地区内陆湖泊研究院,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021000

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2024年第2期233-244,共12页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：呼伦湖保护区科学技术研究能力加强关键技术研究项目委托课题Ⅲ期(HSZCS-C-F-230005);生态环境部南京环境科学研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(GYZX230203);呼伦湖生态安全调查评估项目(2021—2025)。

摘　　要：为了定量评估物理生境对鱼类群落结构及物种多样性的影响,基于呼伦湖流域2021年枯水期和丰水期2期鱼类调查数据以及采样点物理生境遥感监测数据,采用聚类分析和RDA冗余分析探究呼伦湖流域鱼类群落分布特征、物种多样性与物理生境因子(包括岸线分维数、水面面积和高程值)之间的关系。结果表明,物理生境和鱼类群落可划分为具有明显空间分布规律的4个组群,且物理生境和鱼类群落空间分布存在较高相似度。呼伦湖流域鱼类群落多样性受到分维数、水面面积和高程值生境因子的影响,其中水面面积和高程值影响较大。此外,不同鱼类群落分布对生境因子响应存在差异,呼伦湖流域鱼类优势种贝氏■(Hemiculter bleekeri)和红鳍原鲌(Cultrichthys erythropterus)群落分布与高程值呈正相关,定居杂食性鱼类黑龙江鰟鲏(Rhodeus sericeus)、鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)和拉氏鱥(Phoxinus lagowskii)群落分布与水面面积呈显著正相关,而肉食性鱼类鲇(Silurus asotus)和黑斑狗鱼(Esox reicherti)群落分布与分维数呈显著正相关。研究结果可为呼伦湖流域鱼类栖息地和种群资源的保护修复提供重要参考。The examination of the impact of physical habitat characteristics on fish community structure remains limited.To elucidate this influence,14 and 18 sampling sites were respectively designated during the dry and wet seasons in the Hulun Lake Basin iN_(2)021 to gather fish data.Utilizing remote sensing technology,corresponding physical habitat characteristics,including fractal dimension(FD),water surface area(Area),and Digital Elevation Model(DEM)were derived.Cluster analysis and redundancy analysis(RDA)were employed to scrutinize the response of fish community structure and distribution to physical habitat factors in the Hulun Lake Basin.The results reveal that both physical habitat characteristics and fish communities could be classified into four groups,each exhibiting distinct spatial distribution characteristics.The average similarity of the two clustering groups in dry season and wet season was 41.29%and 63.06%,respectively.Habitat factors FD,Area,and DEM influenced fish community diversity in the Hulun Lake Basin,with Area and DEM exhibiting a greater impact than FD.Furthermore,different fish communities responded differently to habitat factors:dominant species Hemiculter bleekeri and Cultrichthys erythropterus showed a significant positive correlation with DEM,resident omnivores Rhodeus sericeus,Carassius auratus gibelio,and Phoxinus lagowskii were significantly positively correlated with Area,while carnivorous species Silurus asotus and Esox reicherti were significantly positively correlated with FD.This study offers valuable insights for the ecological restoration of fish in the Hulun Lake Basin,serving as a guide for the protection and restoration of fish in cold and arid inland lakes in the north.

关 键 词：呼伦湖流域 物理生境特征 鱼类群落结构 聚类分析 冗余分析 

分 类 号：X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程]