磷-氮有机盐改性聚氨酯弹性体的制备与性能  

Preparation and properties of polyurethane elastomers modified by phosphorus-nitrogen organic salts

作　　者：涂伟强 张旗[1] TU Weiqiang;ZHANG Qi(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学材料科学与工程学院,湖北武汉430205

出　　处：《武汉工程大学学报》2024年第1期43-49,共7页Journal of Wuhan Institute of Technology

基　　金：武汉工程大学科学研究基金(20QD26)。

摘　　要：以依替膦酸和糠胺为原料合成了一种新型磷-氮阻燃剂(EAFOS),并采用熔融共混法将EAFOS添加至热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)中制备改性TPU(TPU/EAFOS)。通过红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对EAFOS的化学结构进行了表征。通过极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧等级(UL-94)测试、热重分析、马弗炉热解测试、炭层拉曼测试以及拉伸测试研究了TPU/EAFOS的阻燃性能、热稳定性以及力学性能。结果发现:EAFOS的加入可明显提升TPU的阻燃性能并抑制TPU燃烧过程中的融滴现象。与纯TPU相比,仅添加1%质量分数EAFOS的样品的LOI(30.5%)提升了40.0%,并且通过了UL-94 V-0评级。EAFOS受热分解催化TPU燃烧时成炭,形成石墨化程度更高更致密的炭层来抑制TPU燃烧过程中的热量与氧气的交换从而提升TPU的阻燃性能。另外,EAFOS的加入会降低TPU的力学性能,其原因可能是EAFOS破坏了TPU分子链间的氢键。A novel phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant(etidronic acid 2-furfurylamine organic salt,EAFOS)was synthesized with etidronic acid and 2-furfurylamine as starting materials,and it was added to thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer(TPU)by melt blending method to fabricate modified TPU(TPU/EAFOS).The chemical structure of EAFOS was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The flame retardancy,thermal stability and mechanical properties of TPU/EAFOS were investigated by limiting oxygen index(LOI),underwriters laboratory-94(UL-94),thermogravimetric analysis,muffle pyrolysis,Raman and tensile test.The results reveal that the addition of EAFOS significantly improves the flame retardancy of TPU and inhibits the melt-drop phenomenon during the combustion.The sample with only 1%mass fraction of EAFOS shows an increase of 40%in LOI value(30.5%)compared with the pure TPU,and it can pass the V-0 rating for UL-94.The thermal decomposition of EAFOS catalyzes the formation of char during combustion,forming a higher degree of graphitization and denser char layer to inhibit the exchange of heat and oxygen during the combustion of TPU,which improves the flame retardancy of TPU.In addition,the mechanical properties of TPU decrease after the addition of EAFOS.The likely cause of this problem is that the hydrogen bonds between the TPU molecular chains are broken by EAFOS.

关 键 词：热塑性聚氨酯弹性体 依替膦酸 糠胺 阻燃性能 

分 类 号：TQ323.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]