宅基地制度改革助推共同富裕的机理与实现路径  

Mechanism and Realization Path of Homestead System Reform to Promote Common Prosperity

作　　者：牛坤在 许恒周[1] 鲁艺 NIU Kunzai;XU Hengzhou;LU Yi

机构地区：[1]天津大学管理与经济学部,天津300072

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2024年第1期84-94,共11页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“农户生计多样化视角下农地确权政策实施效果评估及优化路径研究”(编号:17BJY090);教育部人文社科规划基金项目“土地资源错配、城市蔓延对碳排放的作用机理与路径优化研究”(编号:23YJA630109)。

摘　　要：农民农村发展落后是扎实推进共同富裕的短板。宅基地是农民的重要资产,宅基地制度改革是深化农村改革的重要内容,事关农民利益与农村社会稳定。但宅基地制度改革仍然处于探索的初级阶段,充分发挥制度潜能以助推共同富裕的机理与实现路径还不明晰。因此,以宅基地“三权分置”改革为抓手,解构宅基地制度改革助推共同富裕的内在机理与实现路径,呼应了中国促进共同富裕的发展战略需求与深化宅基地制度改革的现实导向。研究发现,(1)以宅基地“三权分置”为基础和核心的宅基地制度改革,旨在通过放松产权管制,赋予城乡居民均等的财产化权利与发展机会,实现发展成果共享,与共同富裕具有内在统一性。(2)利用“环境—努力”二元因素机会不平等理论分析内在机理发现,宅基地制度改革不仅直接改善制度环境、村庄环境等机会不平等,还间接促进农民生计转型,从而助推共同富裕。(3)宅基地制度改革通过深化宅基地“三权分置”改革,推动城乡居民收入均衡化、公共服务水平提升和农民生计转型,推动共同富裕。未来如何因地制宜、合理借鉴宅基地改革中“三权分置”的实践经验,是有待进一步深入探讨的议题。Backward development of farmers and rural areas is a weak link in promoting common prosperity.Homestead is an important asset of farmers.The reform of homestead system is an important part of deepening rural reform,which concerns the interests of farmers and rural social stability.However,the homestead system reform is stll in the initial stage of exploration.The mechanism and realization path of giving full play to the potential of the system to promote common prosperity are still unclear.Therefore,with the reform of the tripartite entitlement system of homestead as the starting point,the internal mechanism and realization path of homestead system reform to boost common prosperity are deconstructed,which echoes the development strategic demand of promoting common prosperity in China and the realistic orientation of deepening the reform of homestead system.The research findings are as follows:(1)The homestead system reform based on and centered on the tripartite entitlement system of homestead aims to grant equal property rights and development opportunities to urban and rural residents through the relaxation of property rights control,and realize the sharing of development achievements,which has an inherent unity with common prosperity.(2)By analyzing the internal mechanism of opportunity inequality theory based on the dual factors of"environment-effort",it is found that the reform of homestead system not only directly improves the inequality of opportunity in institutional environment and village environment,but also indirectly promotes the transformation of farmers'livelihood,thus boosting common prosperity.(3)The reform of homestead system promotes common prosperity by deepening the reform of the tripartite entitlement system of homestead,promoting the income equalization of urban and rural residents,improving the level of public services and promoting the transformation of farmers'livelihoods.In the future,how to adapt to local conditions and reasonably learn from the practical experiences of tripartite enti

关 键 词：宅基地制度改革 三权分置 共同富裕 机会不平等 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]