清人明代类书批评发覆——以《四库全书总目》为中心  

On the Criticism of the Ming Dynasty Class Books——With Siku Quanshu Zongmu as the Focus

作　　者：王京州 孔德成 Wang Jingzhou;Kong Decheng

机构地区：[1]暨南大学文学院,广州510632

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期133-140,239,共9页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国古代类书叙录、整理与研究”(19ZDA245)。

摘　　要：立足于清官方立场,四库馆臣通过撰写《四库全书总目》,刻画了明代类书“饾饤稗贩”的形象,并在批评中重重渲染,使之成为“定论”。进而又以文献内容和纂修体例交相结合,构建了看似严谨实则严苛的类书批评体系,将明代类书纳入其中大肆抨击。清人以“俯视之眼”构建的类书批评体系,终究难以逻辑自洽,以至在评价标准上前后割裂,在历史叙述时自相矛盾,在论证过程中引据失实。以《四库全书总目》为代表的清人明代类书批评,既显示出卓绝的学术眼光,也存在学术缺失和时代局限,有必要予以“正本清源”,以更加审慎和理性的态度,回归当时的社会和文化语境,重新审视明代类书的学术价值。Standing on the official position of the Qing Dynasly,The General Caalog of the Siku Qunnshu Zongmu depicted the image of the Ming Dynasty class book“plagiarism”。hearily exaggerated in the eniticism.making it a“final conelusion”.On this basis,Siku Quanshu Zongmu interected with the literature content and compilation system to construet a seemingly rigorous but actually strict critical eystem of the Ming Dynasty class books,and brought all the Ming Dynasly class books into this system to criticize.However,the eritical context coustru ted from the perspective of“Iook-down”was ulimately difrcult to be logieal and consistent.However,we should also see its seademie defic ieney and limitations of the times,so as to elarily its original source.

关 键 词：《四库全书总目》 明代类书 类书批评 四库馆臣 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] G257[历史地理—中国史]