城市密度如何影响企业创新?--来自中国城市街区尺度密度的证据  

How Does Urban Density Affect Enterprise Innovation:Evidence from Neighborhood Density in Chinese Cities

作　　者：王峤 刘修岩[2] 陈露 Wang Qiao;Liu Xiuyan;Chen Lu(Institute of Industrial Economics,Jinan University;School of Economics and Management,Southeast University)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学产业经济研究院 [2]东南大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《经济科学》2024年第1期104-123,共20页Economic Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新格局下长三角一体化大市场研究”(项目编号:22&ZD066)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：城市密度作为城市经济活动集聚的重要表现一直受到普遍关注,其不但能够影响生产率、经济增长及生态环境等,而且对城市的创新效率这一关乎长期增长的因素也有着重要意义。本文匹配2000-2013年中国工业企业数据库和企业专利数据库,并结合LandScan人口空间分布数据,构建了包含企业-年份维度的300多万个样本,基于OLS与工具变量法系统识别了城市内部街区尺度的密度差异对企业创新的影响。研究发现,街区层面的密度提升能够显著促进企业的专利产出,高密度发展的创新外溢效应也呈现出明显的空间衰减特征;街区尺度高密度发展的作用机制在于其能够帮助企业吸取知识溢出的养分,克服知识溢出面临的地理阻碍。As an important performance of urban economic agglomeration,density has been widely concerned.It not only affects productivity,economic growth and ecological environment,but also has important significance for innovation efficiency affecting the long-term growth.This paper matches Chinas industrial enterprise database and enterprise patent database from 2000 to 2013,and then constructs more than 3 million samples in the enterprise-year dimension by com-bining with the spatial distribution data of LandScan population.Based on OLS and instrumental variable method,this paper systematically identifies the impact of density difference on enterprise innovation.The results show that the increase of the density at the neighborhood level can signifi-cantly promote the patent output of enterprises,which reflects the strong innovation externality of high-density agglomeration.The innovation spillover effect of high-density agglomeration shows obvious spatial attenuation characteristics,that is,the spillover effect of innovation will decrease with the increase of geographical distance from enterprises.Further research on the type of densi-ty shows that compared with the employment density,the enterprise density can more significant-ly promote the positive externality of knowledge spillover,and the knowledge spillover effect of innovative enterprises and patent activity density is the most obvious.In addition,compared with intra industry agglomeration,the innovation spillover effect of cross-industry agglomeration is also more important.

关 键 词：集聚 街区密度 本地化 知识溢出 企业创新 

分 类 号：F127[经济管理—世界经济]