外资企业质量优势与东道国产品质量升级--基于中国对外开放经验的量化分析  

MultinationalsQuality Advantage and the Quality Upgrading of Host Country:A Quantitative Assessment on China's Openness

作　　者：杜夏依 王子 Du Xiayi;Wang Zi(Institute of Distribution and Consumption,Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation,the Ministry of Commerce of People's Republic of China;College of Business,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院流通与消费研究所 [2]上海财经大学商学院

出　　处：《经济科学》2024年第1期168-187,共20页Economic Science

摘　　要：本文利用中国企业层面的微观数据发现,外资企业在控制了包括全要素生产率在内的一系列可观测变量后,出口产品质量仍高于内资企业。本文将这一典型事实嵌入包含跨国生产和产品质量内生决定的一般均衡模型,以量化外资企业对中国产品质量升级和福利水平提升的贡献。结果显示,2001-2007年,引进外资企业使中国出口产品质量提升1.29%,福利水平增长22.40%;若剔除外资企业的质量优势,则同时期外资企业进入使中国出口产品质量下降0.11%,福利水平提升降为4.03%。因此,准确衡量外资企业的产品质量优势对于全面理解和评估中国对外开放的质量提升和福利效应至关重要。Based on the Chinese firm-level data,this paper first documents a stylized fact that af-ter controlling for observed firm characteristics,including total factor productivity(TFP),the export quality of foreign multinationals is still significantly higher than that of the Chinese domes-tic firms.Then,this paper incorporates this stylized fact into a quantifiable general equilibrium model with multinational firms and endogenous quality,and uses this model to quantify the effects of foreign multinational firms on the quality upgrading of Chinese exports and the increase of welfare level in China.The research findings are as follows.During 2001-2007,the entry of foreign multinationals improved the Chinese export quality by 129%and raised the Chinese wel-fare level by 2240%.If the multinationalsquality advantage is eliminated,the entry of foreign multinationals during 2001-2007 would only improve the Chinese export quality by-011%and raised the Chinese welfare level by 430%.Therefore,accurately measuring multinationalsquality advantage is crucial in assessing the quality and welfare effects of China's opening up to the outside.

关 键 词：外资企业 质量优势 福利效应 

分 类 号：F741[经济管理—国际贸易]