日本家庭寄养制度探析  

An Analysis of Japanese Foster Care

作　　者：江新兴[1] 常梦斐 JIANG Xinxing;CHANG Mengfei(School of Japanese Language,Beijing International Studies University,Beijing,100024,China)

机构地区：[1]北京第二外国语学院日语学院,北京100024

出　　处：《日本问题研究》2023年第6期41-50,共10页Japanese Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“从传统向现代社会转型的日本养老问题嬗变和启示”(18BSS033)。

摘　　要：日本家庭寄养制度始于1948年,随着二战后保护战争受害儿童事业的结束逐渐走向衰退。20世纪90年代后,受国际社会更加重视儿童权利以及日本国内虐待儿童成为社会问题的双重影响,政府在对需要保护的儿童实施社会养育时,确立了家庭寄养优先的原则。现行寄养家庭包括四个类型,其实施体制则由都道府县、儿童咨询所与各支援机构组成。近年来,日本的家庭寄养委托率虽然稳步提升,但进展依旧缓慢,存在着知名度不高、与“领养”混淆、民众成为寄养家庭的意向不高以及寄养家庭数量不足等问题。对此,日本政府从制度改革、扩大宣传、完善支援体系等方面提出了解决之策。The foster care system in Japan has began since 1948.After World War II,with the end of the project of protecting war-victimized children,it went into recession.After 1990s,influenced by the double pressures of international emphasis on children's rights and children abuse becoming a social problem in Ja-pan,the Japanese government established the priority principle of foster care when implementing social care for children who are in need of protection.There are four types of foster families.The main body of its implementation is composed of prefectures,children's welfare centers and various support institutions.In recent years,although the foster care entrustment rate in Japan has increased steadily,the progress is still slow.In the process of actual implementation,there are some problems,such as low popularity,con-fusion with“adoption”,low intention to become foster families and insufficient foster families.Therefore,the Japanese government has proposed solutions from the aspects of reforming the system,expanding pub-licity and improving support.

关 键 词：家庭寄养制度 寄养家庭 需保护儿童 儿童福利 社会养育 

分 类 号：C913.1[经济管理]