万山汞矿区泽陆蛙重金属富集特征及健康评价  

Heavy Metal Enrichment Characteristics and Health Assessment of Fejervarya multistriata in Wanshan Mercury Mining Area

作　　者：张晓东 卢志宏 王婷 杨传东 吴震洋 ZHANG Xiaodong;LU Zhihong;WANG Ting;YANG Chuandong;WU Zhenyang(College of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning,Tongren University,Tongren 554300,China;Guangxi Agricultural Vocational University,Nanning 530001,China)

机构地区：[1]铜仁学院农林工程与规划学院,贵州铜仁554300 [2]广西农业职业技术大学,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2023年第10期170-180,共11页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：铜仁市科技计划项目(铜市科研〔2020〕127号);贵州省普通高等学校青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY字〔2020〕167);铜仁学院博士科研启动基金项目(trxyDH1909);贵州省重点实验室项目(黔科合平台人才〔2020〕2003)。

摘　　要：贵州万山汞矿区重金属污染问题突出,而湿地生态系统中的两栖动物泽陆蛙可作为环境重金属等污染物监测的指示生物。为了解万山汞矿区重金属复合污染背景下泽陆蛙重金属生物富集特征,以及环境重金属对其健康的影响,该研究对该区域下溪河、敖寨河和瓦屋河内泽陆蛙肝脏、皮肤(背部)、股骨、肌肉(后肢)和肠道(小肠)5种组织中铬(Cr)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、砷(As)、硒(Se)、汞(Hg)这10种重金属元素含量进行对比分析,并利用肝体指数对其健康状况进行评价。结果表明,重金属元素在泽陆蛙各组织中的富集特征不同,必需元素(Zn、Cu、Mn、Cr、Se)的含量明显高于非必需元素(Hg、Pb、Cd、As)。肝脏和股骨是泽陆蛙重金属富集的主要位置,重金属元素分布规律为:Se、Hg、Cu主要分布在肝脏,Pb、Mn、Ni主要分布在股骨,Cr、Cd主要分布在肠道组织,As主要分布在肌肉,Zn主要分布在肠道、皮肤和股骨。泽陆蛙组织中重金属的吸收和积累主要通过皮肤摄入,而通过食物吸收的方式相对较少。泽陆蛙肝脏中8种重金属元素含量与肝体指数呈负相关关系,这可能意味着区域重金属污染对其身体状况的呈现负面影响。但在泽陆蛙解剖、组织取样过程中,未发现其存在畸形、组织病变、损伤等明显症状,这可能与组织中Se的高含量能有效够缓解重金属毒性,以及区域物种对长期环境重金属污染的适应性进化有关。研究结果可为汞矿区环境重金属污染治理提供科学对策和基础材料,为野生动物保护及环境质量评估提供科学依据。The problem of heavy metal pollution in Wanshan mercury mining area is outstanding.In the wetland ecosystems,the amphibian Fejervarya multistriata can be used as indicator organisms for monitoring pollutants such as environmental heavy metals.To understand the characteristics of heavy metal bioaccumulation in Fejervarya multistriata under multi-heavy metals pollution and the effects of environmental heavy metals on its health,Fejervarya multistriata was captured from Xiaxi River,Aozhai River and Wawu River in Wanshan mercury mining area,and its liver,skin(back),femur,muscle(hind limb)and intestine(small intestine)were removed for analysis.The contents of Cr,Mn,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,As,Se and Hg in the sampled tissues were compared and analyzed,and the hepatosomatic index was used to evaluate the health status of Fejervarya multistriata.The results showed that the enrichment characteristics of heavy metal elements in the tissues were different,and the content of essential elements(Zn,Cu,Mn,Cr,Se)was obviously higher than that of non-essential elements(Hg,Pb,Cd,As).The liver and femur were the main sites of heavy metal enrichment in the tissues of the Fejervarya multistriata,Se,Hg and Cu was primarily accumulated in the liver,Pb,Mn and Ni in the femur,Cr and Cd in the intestine,As in the muscle,Zn in the intestine,skin and femur.The absorption and accumulation of heavy metal elements in the tissues of Fejervarya multistriata were mainly through skin uptake,but absorbed from foods was lower.The correlation analysis showed that the contents of eight heavy metals in the liver were negatively correlated with the hepatosomatic index in this study,which may imply the neg⁃ative effect of heavy metal pollution on body condition.However,when Fejervarya multistriata were dissected,no obvious symptoms such as deformity,tissue lesion and injury were observed.This may be related to the higher Se content in tissues,which can alleviate the toxicity of heavy metals,and the evolution of species adaptations to long-term environmental hea

关 键 词：重金属 泽陆蛙 生物富集 万山汞矿 健康状况 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X75